RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis
In legume–rhizobia symbiosis, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is essential for rhizobial invasion through infection threads in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. Though CCaMK is actively transcribed in the infected zone of nodules, its role in the later stages of...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2009-11-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1466 |
| _version_ | 1811278084347789312 |
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| author | Senjuti Sinharoy Maitrayee DasGupta |
| author_facet | Senjuti Sinharoy Maitrayee DasGupta |
| author_sort | Senjuti Sinharoy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In legume–rhizobia symbiosis, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is essential for rhizobial invasion through infection threads in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. Though CCaMK is actively transcribed in the infected zone of nodules, its role in the later stages of nodule development remain elusive because of the epidermal arrest of “loss-of-function” mutants. In Aeschynomeneae legumes such as Arachis hypogea, rhizobia directly access the cortex, where nodule organogenesis as well as endosymbiont dissemination take place by multiplication of infected cortical cells. We characterized CCaMK (GI:195542474) from A. hypogea and downregulated the kinase through RNA interference (RNAi) to understand its role during organogenesis of its characteristic aeschynomenoid nodules. In CCaMK downregulated plants, the inception of nodules was delayed by approximately 4 weeks and nodulation capacity was decreased (>90%). The infected zones of the RNA interference nodules were scattered with uninfected or binucleated cells as opposed to the homogeneous infection zone in empty-vector-transformed nodules. Symbiosomes in RNAi nodules were pleomorphic with diverse geometrical shapes or arrested during division in the final stages of their fission as opposed to uniform-sized, spherical symbiosomes in empty-vector-transformed nodules. Together, our results reveal CCaMK to be essential for development of functional aeschynomenoid nodules, with a critical role in rhizobial dissemination during nodule organogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e82449681f9f46078629671c46438b3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2009-11-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-e82449681f9f46078629671c46438b3a2022-12-22T03:10:31ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062009-11-0122111466147510.1094/MPMI-22-11-1466RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume ArachisSenjuti SinharoyMaitrayee DasGuptaIn legume–rhizobia symbiosis, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is essential for rhizobial invasion through infection threads in the epidermis and nodule organogenesis in the cortex. Though CCaMK is actively transcribed in the infected zone of nodules, its role in the later stages of nodule development remain elusive because of the epidermal arrest of “loss-of-function” mutants. In Aeschynomeneae legumes such as Arachis hypogea, rhizobia directly access the cortex, where nodule organogenesis as well as endosymbiont dissemination take place by multiplication of infected cortical cells. We characterized CCaMK (GI:195542474) from A. hypogea and downregulated the kinase through RNA interference (RNAi) to understand its role during organogenesis of its characteristic aeschynomenoid nodules. In CCaMK downregulated plants, the inception of nodules was delayed by approximately 4 weeks and nodulation capacity was decreased (>90%). The infected zones of the RNA interference nodules were scattered with uninfected or binucleated cells as opposed to the homogeneous infection zone in empty-vector-transformed nodules. Symbiosomes in RNAi nodules were pleomorphic with diverse geometrical shapes or arrested during division in the final stages of their fission as opposed to uniform-sized, spherical symbiosomes in empty-vector-transformed nodules. Together, our results reveal CCaMK to be essential for development of functional aeschynomenoid nodules, with a critical role in rhizobial dissemination during nodule organogenesis.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1466 |
| spellingShingle | Senjuti Sinharoy Maitrayee DasGupta RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis |
| title_full | RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis |
| title_fullStr | RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis |
| title_full_unstemmed | RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis |
| title_short | RNA Interference Highlights the Role of CCaMK in Dissemination of Endosymbionts in the Aeschynomeneae Legume Arachis |
| title_sort | rna interference highlights the role of ccamk in dissemination of endosymbionts in the aeschynomeneae legume arachis |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1466 |
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