Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.)
Evidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use in aquaculture is limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam administered IM or orally (PO) in tilapia. Two hundred and seventy fish...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
| Subjects: | |
| Acceso en liña: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/4/68 |
| _version_ | 1827672532648460288 |
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| author | Miriam Martin Stephen Smith Michael Kleinhenz Geraldine Magnin Zhoumeng Lin David Kuhn Shawnee Montgomery Johann Coetzee |
| author_facet | Miriam Martin Stephen Smith Michael Kleinhenz Geraldine Magnin Zhoumeng Lin David Kuhn Shawnee Montgomery Johann Coetzee |
| author_sort | Miriam Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Evidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use in aquaculture is limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam administered IM or orally (PO) in tilapia. Two hundred and seventy fish were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: flunixin meglumine IM (2.2 mg/kg); meloxicam IM (1 mg/kg); or meloxicam PO (1 mg/kg). Blood and tissue samples were collected from 6 fish per treatment at 14 time points for 10 days. Drug concentrations were determined using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Plasma concentration versus time data were analyzed with a non-compartmental approach using a commercially available software. Flunixin reached a mean maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) of 4826.7 ng/mL at 0.5 h, had a terminal half-life (T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>) of 7.34 h, and an area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub>) of 25,261.62 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam IM had a T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> of 9.4 h after reaching a C<sub>max</sub> of 11.3 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub> of 150.31 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam PO had a T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> of 1.9 h after reaching a C<sub>max</sub> of 72.2 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub> of 400.83 h·ng/mL. Tissue concentrations of both drugs were undetectable by 9 h. Flunixin reached a sufficient plasma concentration to potentially have an analgesic effect, while meloxicam, when administered at the given dosage, likely would not. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:09:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e82b3538558a4a88a7da640cda49a46f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:09:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj.art-e82b3538558a4a88a7da640cda49a46f2023-11-23T08:15:03ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882021-11-01646810.3390/fishes6040068Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.)Miriam Martin0Stephen Smith1Michael Kleinhenz2Geraldine Magnin3Zhoumeng Lin4David Kuhn5Shawnee Montgomery6Johann Coetzee7Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USADepartment of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAEvidence of pain perception in fish is well established, but analgesic use in aquaculture is limited. The objective was to investigate the comparative pharmacokinetics of flunixin administered intramuscularly (IM) and meloxicam administered IM or orally (PO) in tilapia. Two hundred and seventy fish were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: flunixin meglumine IM (2.2 mg/kg); meloxicam IM (1 mg/kg); or meloxicam PO (1 mg/kg). Blood and tissue samples were collected from 6 fish per treatment at 14 time points for 10 days. Drug concentrations were determined using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Plasma concentration versus time data were analyzed with a non-compartmental approach using a commercially available software. Flunixin reached a mean maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) of 4826.7 ng/mL at 0.5 h, had a terminal half-life (T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>) of 7.34 h, and an area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub>) of 25,261.62 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam IM had a T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> of 9.4 h after reaching a C<sub>max</sub> of 11.3 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub> of 150.31 h·ng/mL. Meloxicam PO had a T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> of 1.9 h after reaching a C<sub>max</sub> of 72.2 ng/mL at 2 h, with an AUC<sub>INF_obs</sub> of 400.83 h·ng/mL. Tissue concentrations of both drugs were undetectable by 9 h. Flunixin reached a sufficient plasma concentration to potentially have an analgesic effect, while meloxicam, when administered at the given dosage, likely would not.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/4/68pharmacokineticspainfishanalgesia |
| spellingShingle | Miriam Martin Stephen Smith Michael Kleinhenz Geraldine Magnin Zhoumeng Lin David Kuhn Shawnee Montgomery Johann Coetzee Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) Fishes pharmacokinetics pain fish analgesia |
| title | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) |
| title_full | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) |
| title_short | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Concentrations of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) |
| title_sort | comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam in tilapia i oreochromis i spp |
| topic | pharmacokinetics pain fish analgesia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/6/4/68 |
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