Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology and no disease-modifying treatment to date. PD is considered a multifactorial disease, since both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/175 |
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| author | Efthalia Angelopoulou Yam Nath Paudel Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Christina Piperi |
| author_facet | Efthalia Angelopoulou Yam Nath Paudel Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Christina Piperi |
| author_sort | Efthalia Angelopoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology and no disease-modifying treatment to date. PD is considered a multifactorial disease, since both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms linking these two key disease modifiers remain obscure. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms that alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence through DNA methylation, histone post-transcriptional modifications, and non-coding RNAs may represent the key mediators of the genetic–environmental interactions underlying PD pathogenesis. Environmental exposures may cause chemical alterations in several cellular functions, including gene expression. Emerging evidence has highlighted that smoking, coffee consumption, pesticide exposure, and heavy metals (manganese, arsenic, lead, etc.) may potentially affect the risk of PD development at least partially via epigenetic modifications. Herein, we discuss recent accumulating pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PD development, aiming to shed more light on the pathogenesis and stimulate future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8531860178e45319397e5af3e604a0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8531860178e45319397e5af3e604a0c2023-11-23T19:02:46ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-01-0112217510.3390/brainsci12020175Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative ReviewEfthalia Angelopoulou0Yam Nath Paudel1Sokratis G. Papageorgiou2Christina Piperi3Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceNeuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, 11527 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an unclear etiology and no disease-modifying treatment to date. PD is considered a multifactorial disease, since both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms linking these two key disease modifiers remain obscure. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms that alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence through DNA methylation, histone post-transcriptional modifications, and non-coding RNAs may represent the key mediators of the genetic–environmental interactions underlying PD pathogenesis. Environmental exposures may cause chemical alterations in several cellular functions, including gene expression. Emerging evidence has highlighted that smoking, coffee consumption, pesticide exposure, and heavy metals (manganese, arsenic, lead, etc.) may potentially affect the risk of PD development at least partially via epigenetic modifications. Herein, we discuss recent accumulating pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PD development, aiming to shed more light on the pathogenesis and stimulate future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/175Parkinson diseaseepigeneticsDNA methylationhistone modificationslcRNAsenvironmental toxins |
| spellingShingle | Efthalia Angelopoulou Yam Nath Paudel Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Christina Piperi Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review Brain Sciences Parkinson disease epigenetics DNA methylation histone modifications lcRNAs environmental toxins |
| title | Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | environmental impact on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying parkinson s disease pathogenesis a narrative review |
| topic | Parkinson disease epigenetics DNA methylation histone modifications lcRNAs environmental toxins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/2/175 |
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