A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure
As the intensity of the urban heat island effect increases, the cooling effect of urban trees has become important. Urban trees cool surfaces during the day via shading, increasing albedo and transpiration. Many studies are being conducted to calculate the transpiration rate; however, most approache...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1164 |
| _version_ | 1797549207608885248 |
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| author | Seok Hwan Yun Chae Yeon Park Eun Sub Kim Dong Kun Lee |
| author_facet | Seok Hwan Yun Chae Yeon Park Eun Sub Kim Dong Kun Lee |
| author_sort | Seok Hwan Yun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the intensity of the urban heat island effect increases, the cooling effect of urban trees has become important. Urban trees cool surfaces during the day via shading, increasing albedo and transpiration. Many studies are being conducted to calculate the transpiration rate; however, most approaches are not suitable for urban trees and oversimplify plant physiological processes. We propose a multi-layer model for the transpiration of urban trees, accounting for plant physiological processes and considering the vertical structure of trees and buildings. It has been expanded from an urban canopy model to accurately simulate the photosynthetically active radiation and leaf surface temperature. To evaluate how tree and surrounding building conditions affect transpiration, we simulated the transpiration of trees in different scenarios such as building height (i.e., 1H, 2H and 3H, H = 12 m), tree location (i.e., south tree and north tree in a E-W street), and vertical leaf area density (LAD) (i.e., constant density, high density with few layers, high density in middle layers, and high density in lower layers). The transpiration rate was estimated to be more sensitive to the building height and tree location than the LAD distribution. Transpiration-efficient trees differed depending on the surrounding condition and plant location. This model is a useful tool that provides guidelines on the planting of thermo-efficient trees depending on the structure or environment of the city. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:11:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e857f42661d949fa8a5bf0d134564df3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:11:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-e857f42661d949fa8a5bf0d134564df32023-11-20T19:21:42ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-10-011111116410.3390/f11111164A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical StructureSeok Hwan Yun0Chae Yeon Park1Eun Sub Kim2Dong Kun Lee3Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaCenter for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-0053, JapanDepartment of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaAs the intensity of the urban heat island effect increases, the cooling effect of urban trees has become important. Urban trees cool surfaces during the day via shading, increasing albedo and transpiration. Many studies are being conducted to calculate the transpiration rate; however, most approaches are not suitable for urban trees and oversimplify plant physiological processes. We propose a multi-layer model for the transpiration of urban trees, accounting for plant physiological processes and considering the vertical structure of trees and buildings. It has been expanded from an urban canopy model to accurately simulate the photosynthetically active radiation and leaf surface temperature. To evaluate how tree and surrounding building conditions affect transpiration, we simulated the transpiration of trees in different scenarios such as building height (i.e., 1H, 2H and 3H, H = 12 m), tree location (i.e., south tree and north tree in a E-W street), and vertical leaf area density (LAD) (i.e., constant density, high density with few layers, high density in middle layers, and high density in lower layers). The transpiration rate was estimated to be more sensitive to the building height and tree location than the LAD distribution. Transpiration-efficient trees differed depending on the surrounding condition and plant location. This model is a useful tool that provides guidelines on the planting of thermo-efficient trees depending on the structure or environment of the city.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1164urban heat islandurban street treetranspirationmulti-layer modelurban canopy modelcooling effect |
| spellingShingle | Seok Hwan Yun Chae Yeon Park Eun Sub Kim Dong Kun Lee A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure Forests urban heat island urban street tree transpiration multi-layer model urban canopy model cooling effect |
| title | A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure |
| title_full | A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure |
| title_fullStr | A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure |
| title_short | A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure |
| title_sort | multi layer model for transpiration of urban trees considering vertical structure |
| topic | urban heat island urban street tree transpiration multi-layer model urban canopy model cooling effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/11/1164 |
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