Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats
The prophylactic effects of the polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in long-leaf orange peel oil (OPO) were determined using an Nω-nitro-L-arginine-induced hypertensive rat model. The OPO contained eight PMF components, namely sinensetin, hexamethoxyflavone, tetramethyl-O-isoscutellarein, nobiletin...
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/5/752 |
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| author | Gui-Jie Li Jun Wang Yu-Jiao Cheng Xiang Tan Yu-Lin Zhai Qiang Wang Fang-Jin Gao Guang-Lan Liu Xin Zhao Hua Wang |
| author_facet | Gui-Jie Li Jun Wang Yu-Jiao Cheng Xiang Tan Yu-Lin Zhai Qiang Wang Fang-Jin Gao Guang-Lan Liu Xin Zhao Hua Wang |
| author_sort | Gui-Jie Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prophylactic effects of the polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in long-leaf orange peel oil (OPO) were determined using an Nω-nitro-L-arginine-induced hypertensive rat model. The OPO contained eight PMF components, namely sinensetin, hexamethoxyflavone, tetramethyl-O-isoscutellarein, nobiletin, tetramethyl-O-scutellarein, heptamethoxyflavone, 5-demethylnobiletin and tangeretin. After treatment with OPO, the SP (systolic pressure) and DP (diastolic pressure) in hypertensive rats were reduced. The NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver and kidney of OPO-treated Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA)-induced hypertensive rats were higher than those in untreated hypertensive rats, but the MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in OPO-treated rats were lower than those of the control rats (untreated hypertensive rats). ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and E-selectin serum levels in hypertensive rats could be reduced, but the CGRP (calcium gene-related peptide) level could be increased by OPO treatment. The results of the qPCR assay showed that OPO upregulated HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mRNA expression and downregulated ADM (adrenomedullin), RAMP2 (receptor activity modifying protein 2) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression in hypertensive rats. The Western blot results also proved that OPO upregulated nNOS and eNOS protein expression and downregulated iNOS expression in hypertensive rats. Based on this study, we could conclude that OPO showed good antihypertensive effects, and the effect was concentration dependent. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e85e409854874039a9d8ae01b804a4ce2022-12-22T01:37:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172018-05-018575210.3390/app8050752app8050752Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive RatsGui-Jie Li0Jun Wang1Yu-Jiao Cheng2Xiang Tan3Yu-Lin Zhai4Qiang Wang5Fang-Jin Gao6Guang-Lan Liu7Xin Zhao8Hua Wang9College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCitrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaCitrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaCitrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaCitrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaChongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, ChinaChongqing Zhongxian Fruit Industry Bureau, Chongqing 404000, ChinaChongqing Zhongxian Fruit Industry Bureau, Chongqing 404000, ChinaChongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, ChinaCitrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, ChinaThe prophylactic effects of the polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in long-leaf orange peel oil (OPO) were determined using an Nω-nitro-L-arginine-induced hypertensive rat model. The OPO contained eight PMF components, namely sinensetin, hexamethoxyflavone, tetramethyl-O-isoscutellarein, nobiletin, tetramethyl-O-scutellarein, heptamethoxyflavone, 5-demethylnobiletin and tangeretin. After treatment with OPO, the SP (systolic pressure) and DP (diastolic pressure) in hypertensive rats were reduced. The NO (nitric oxide) contents in serum, heart, liver and kidney of OPO-treated Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA)-induced hypertensive rats were higher than those in untreated hypertensive rats, but the MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in OPO-treated rats were lower than those of the control rats (untreated hypertensive rats). ET-1 (endothelin-1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and E-selectin serum levels in hypertensive rats could be reduced, but the CGRP (calcium gene-related peptide) level could be increased by OPO treatment. The results of the qPCR assay showed that OPO upregulated HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mRNA expression and downregulated ADM (adrenomedullin), RAMP2 (receptor activity modifying protein 2) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression in hypertensive rats. The Western blot results also proved that OPO upregulated nNOS and eNOS protein expression and downregulated iNOS expression in hypertensive rats. Based on this study, we could conclude that OPO showed good antihypertensive effects, and the effect was concentration dependent.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/5/752polymethoxyflavoneshypertensiveorange peel oilratNω-nitro-L-arginine |
| spellingShingle | Gui-Jie Li Jun Wang Yu-Jiao Cheng Xiang Tan Yu-Lin Zhai Qiang Wang Fang-Jin Gao Guang-Lan Liu Xin Zhao Hua Wang Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats Applied Sciences polymethoxyflavones hypertensive orange peel oil rat Nω-nitro-L-arginine |
| title | Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats |
| title_full | Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats |
| title_fullStr | Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats |
| title_short | Prophylactic Effects of Polymethoxyflavone-Rich Orange Peel Oil on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine-Induced Hypertensive Rats |
| title_sort | prophylactic effects of polymethoxyflavone rich orange peel oil on nω nitro l arginine induced hypertensive rats |
| topic | polymethoxyflavones hypertensive orange peel oil rat Nω-nitro-L-arginine |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/5/752 |
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