Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application
Abstract Background Immune escape, a process by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, remains a challenge for cancer therapy. Tumor cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in immune escape by transferring bioactive molecules between cells. The main body of the abstract EVs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01370-3 |
| _version_ | 1827388301900775424 |
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| author | Mahdi Ahmadi Reza Abbasi Jafar Rezaie |
| author_facet | Mahdi Ahmadi Reza Abbasi Jafar Rezaie |
| author_sort | Mahdi Ahmadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Immune escape, a process by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, remains a challenge for cancer therapy. Tumor cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in immune escape by transferring bioactive molecules between cells. The main body of the abstract EVs refer to heterogeneous vesicles that participate in intercellular communication. EVs from tumor cells usually carry tumor antigens and have been considered a source of tumor antigens to induce anti-tumor immunity. However, evidence also suggests that these EVs can accelerate immune escape by carrying heat shock proteins (HSPs), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), etc. to immune cells, suppressing function and exhausting the immune cells pool. EVs are progressively being evaluated for therapeutic implementation in cancer therapies. EVs-based immunotherapies involve inhibiting EVs generation, using natural EVs, and harnessing engineering EVs. All approaches are associated with advantages and disadvantages. The EVs heterogeneity and diverse physicochemical properties are the main challenges to their clinical applications. Short conclusion Although EVs are criminal; they can be useful for overcoming immune escape. This review discusses the latest knowledge on EVs population and sheds light on the function of tumor-derived EVs in immune escape. It also describes EVs-based immunotherapies with a focus on engineered EVs, followed by challenges that hinder the clinical translation of EVs that are essential to be addressed in future investigations. Video Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:15:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e86316ffe88945428b8815bbc7b10dd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1478-811X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:15:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| spelling | doaj.art-e86316ffe88945428b8815bbc7b10dd62024-01-07T12:36:49ZengBMCCell Communication and Signaling1478-811X2024-01-0122111510.1186/s12964-023-01370-3Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics applicationMahdi Ahmadi0Reza Abbasi1Jafar Rezaie2Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biology, Urmia UniversitySolid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Immune escape, a process by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, remains a challenge for cancer therapy. Tumor cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in immune escape by transferring bioactive molecules between cells. The main body of the abstract EVs refer to heterogeneous vesicles that participate in intercellular communication. EVs from tumor cells usually carry tumor antigens and have been considered a source of tumor antigens to induce anti-tumor immunity. However, evidence also suggests that these EVs can accelerate immune escape by carrying heat shock proteins (HSPs), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), etc. to immune cells, suppressing function and exhausting the immune cells pool. EVs are progressively being evaluated for therapeutic implementation in cancer therapies. EVs-based immunotherapies involve inhibiting EVs generation, using natural EVs, and harnessing engineering EVs. All approaches are associated with advantages and disadvantages. The EVs heterogeneity and diverse physicochemical properties are the main challenges to their clinical applications. Short conclusion Although EVs are criminal; they can be useful for overcoming immune escape. This review discusses the latest knowledge on EVs population and sheds light on the function of tumor-derived EVs in immune escape. It also describes EVs-based immunotherapies with a focus on engineered EVs, followed by challenges that hinder the clinical translation of EVs that are essential to be addressed in future investigations. Video Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01370-3Immune escapeImmunotherapiesExtracellular vesiclesPDL-1Engineered EVs |
| spellingShingle | Mahdi Ahmadi Reza Abbasi Jafar Rezaie Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application Cell Communication and Signaling Immune escape Immunotherapies Extracellular vesicles PDL-1 Engineered EVs |
| title | Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| title_full | Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| title_fullStr | Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| title_short | Tumor immune escape: extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| title_sort | tumor immune escape extracellular vesicles roles and therapeutics application |
| topic | Immune escape Immunotherapies Extracellular vesicles PDL-1 Engineered EVs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01370-3 |
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