Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD)
Electrocoagulation (EC) was studied in this study as a potential alternative approach for treating Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW). Aluminum plates were utilized as anode and cathode to evaluate the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from OMW and the aluminum electrode’s weight loss. Central Compos...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3522 |
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| author | Abeer El Shahawy Inas A. Ahmed Mahmoud Nasr Ahmed H. Ragab Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi Khalda M. A. Elamin |
| author_facet | Abeer El Shahawy Inas A. Ahmed Mahmoud Nasr Ahmed H. Ragab Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi Khalda M. A. Elamin |
| author_sort | Abeer El Shahawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrocoagulation (EC) was studied in this study as a potential alternative approach for treating Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW). Aluminum plates were utilized as anode and cathode to evaluate the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from OMW and the aluminum electrode’s weight loss. Central Composite Experimental Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology were used to optimize its performance. Anodes were weighed before and after each electrocoagulation experiment, to compare the experimental and the theoretical dissolved aluminum weights calculated using Faraday’s law. We discovered the following EC conditions for CCD: current density = 15 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, pH = 4, and electrolysis time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the maximum COD removal ratio was 41%, equating to an Al weight loss of 288.89 g/m<sup>3</sup> at an estimated operating cost of 1.60 USD/m<sup>3</sup>. According to the response optimizer, the most economical operating settings for COD removal efficiency of 58.888% are pH 4, a current density of 18.41 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, electrolysis time of 36.82 min, and Al weight loss of 337.33 g/m<sup>3</sup>, with a projected running cost of 2.00 USD/m<sup>3</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:53:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e86cb60b4fad49e4ab2ec98acd83d0ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:53:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e86cb60b4fad49e4ab2ec98acd83d0ea2023-11-23T11:00:28ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-12-011324352210.3390/w13243522Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD)Abeer El Shahawy0Inas A. Ahmed1Mahmoud Nasr2Ahmed H. Ragab3Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi4Khalda M. A. Elamin5Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia 54000, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62224, Saudi ArabiaEnvironmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62224, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21419, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62224, Saudi ArabiaElectrocoagulation (EC) was studied in this study as a potential alternative approach for treating Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW). Aluminum plates were utilized as anode and cathode to evaluate the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from OMW and the aluminum electrode’s weight loss. Central Composite Experimental Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology were used to optimize its performance. Anodes were weighed before and after each electrocoagulation experiment, to compare the experimental and the theoretical dissolved aluminum weights calculated using Faraday’s law. We discovered the following EC conditions for CCD: current density = 15 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, pH = 4, and electrolysis time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the maximum COD removal ratio was 41%, equating to an Al weight loss of 288.89 g/m<sup>3</sup> at an estimated operating cost of 1.60 USD/m<sup>3</sup>. According to the response optimizer, the most economical operating settings for COD removal efficiency of 58.888% are pH 4, a current density of 18.41 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, electrolysis time of 36.82 min, and Al weight loss of 337.33 g/m<sup>3</sup>, with a projected running cost of 2.00 USD/m<sup>3</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3522anodic dissolutionelectrocoagulationCentral Composite Design (CCD)Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW)optimization |
| spellingShingle | Abeer El Shahawy Inas A. Ahmed Mahmoud Nasr Ahmed H. Ragab Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi Khalda M. A. Elamin Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) Water anodic dissolution electrocoagulation Central Composite Design (CCD) Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) optimization |
| title | Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) |
| title_full | Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) |
| title_fullStr | Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) |
| title_short | Organic Pollutants Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process via Central Composite Design (CCD) |
| title_sort | organic pollutants removal from olive mill wastewater using electrocoagulation process via central composite design ccd |
| topic | anodic dissolution electrocoagulation Central Composite Design (CCD) Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/24/3522 |
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