Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Abstract Background Smoking is believed as one of the major risk factors resulting in a variety of non-communicable diseases, such as lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). However, the global burden of CRDs attributed to smoking has not been systematically studied, particularly across...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-01944-w |
| _version_ | 1818523479340744704 |
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| author | Hui Gan Xiangqing Hou Zheng Zhu Mingshan Xue Teng Zhang Zhifeng Huang Zhangkai Jason Cheng Baoqing Sun |
| author_facet | Hui Gan Xiangqing Hou Zheng Zhu Mingshan Xue Teng Zhang Zhifeng Huang Zhangkai Jason Cheng Baoqing Sun |
| author_sort | Hui Gan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Smoking is believed as one of the major risk factors resulting in a variety of non-communicable diseases, such as lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). However, the global burden of CRDs attributed to smoking has not been systematically studied, particularly across different temporal and spatial scales. Methods We conducted a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of CRDs and related risk factors using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Incidence, death, risk factors, and other parameters such as estimated annual percentage change have been analyzed. We also compared various risk factors across regions, countries, and genders. Results Globally, the incidence of CRDs and deaths cases have increased in the last 30 years, while the corresponding age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and death rate (ASDR) have declined. Smoking was the leading risk factor for the death of CRDs all over the world. However, in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) areas, particulate matter pollution was the main risk factor leading to death from CRDs, while smoking was ranked first among the major risk factors in areas with middle, middle-high, or high SDI. Globally, gender differences in morbidity and mortality from CRDs were observed. Males had slightly more cases and ASIR of chronic respiratory diseases than females over the last 30 years. However, the mortality cases and ASDR in males were significantly higher than that of females. Furthermore, the ASDR of all major risk factors, specially smoking, was higher in men than in women. Conclusions CRDs were still major threats human health. The current study highlights the dominating roles of smoking for death risks resulting from CRDs, followed by PM pollution. Therefore, tobacco control and improving air quality are key to reducing deaths from CRDs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:45:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e86cc000bb77498189514c21bbcda472 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2466 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:45:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pulmonary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e86cc000bb77498189514c21bbcda4722022-12-22T01:18:59ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662022-04-0122111110.1186/s12890-022-01944-wSmoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019Hui Gan0Xiangqing Hou1Zheng Zhu2Mingshan Xue3Teng Zhang4Zhifeng Huang5Zhangkai Jason Cheng6Baoqing Sun7National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthFaculty of Health Sciences, University of MacauDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthFaculty of Health Sciences, University of MacauNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthNational Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthAbstract Background Smoking is believed as one of the major risk factors resulting in a variety of non-communicable diseases, such as lung cancer and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). However, the global burden of CRDs attributed to smoking has not been systematically studied, particularly across different temporal and spatial scales. Methods We conducted a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of CRDs and related risk factors using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Incidence, death, risk factors, and other parameters such as estimated annual percentage change have been analyzed. We also compared various risk factors across regions, countries, and genders. Results Globally, the incidence of CRDs and deaths cases have increased in the last 30 years, while the corresponding age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and death rate (ASDR) have declined. Smoking was the leading risk factor for the death of CRDs all over the world. However, in low and low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) areas, particulate matter pollution was the main risk factor leading to death from CRDs, while smoking was ranked first among the major risk factors in areas with middle, middle-high, or high SDI. Globally, gender differences in morbidity and mortality from CRDs were observed. Males had slightly more cases and ASIR of chronic respiratory diseases than females over the last 30 years. However, the mortality cases and ASDR in males were significantly higher than that of females. Furthermore, the ASDR of all major risk factors, specially smoking, was higher in men than in women. Conclusions CRDs were still major threats human health. The current study highlights the dominating roles of smoking for death risks resulting from CRDs, followed by PM pollution. Therefore, tobacco control and improving air quality are key to reducing deaths from CRDs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-01944-wChronic respiratory diseaseGlobal disease burdenSmokingParticulate matter pollution |
| spellingShingle | Hui Gan Xiangqing Hou Zheng Zhu Mingshan Xue Teng Zhang Zhifeng Huang Zhangkai Jason Cheng Baoqing Sun Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 BMC Pulmonary Medicine Chronic respiratory disease Global disease burden Smoking Particulate matter pollution |
| title | Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |
| title_full | Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |
| title_short | Smoking: a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 |
| title_sort | smoking a leading factor for the death of chronic respiratory diseases derived from global burden of disease study 2019 |
| topic | Chronic respiratory disease Global disease burden Smoking Particulate matter pollution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-01944-w |
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