Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions
Endophytic fungi have been found to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes, which are increasingly in demand for their industrial applications. Different by-products from the agrifood industry could be used as fungal growth substrates for the massive production of these enzymes, specifically...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/908 |
| _version_ | 1827744318642716672 |
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| author | Carlos García-Latorre Sara Rodrigo Oscar Santamaría |
| author_facet | Carlos García-Latorre Sara Rodrigo Oscar Santamaría |
| author_sort | Carlos García-Latorre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endophytic fungi have been found to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes, which are increasingly in demand for their industrial applications. Different by-products from the agrifood industry could be used as fungal growth substrates for the massive production of these enzymes, specifically as a way to revalorize them. However, such by-products often present unfavorable conditions for the microorganism’s growth, such as high salt concentrations. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of eleven endophytic fungi—which were isolated from plants growing in a harsh environment, specifically, from the Spanish dehesas—for the purposes of the in vitro production of six enzymes (i.e., amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, pectinase and laccase) under both standard and salt-amended conditions. Under standard conditions, the studied endophytes produced between two and four of the six enzymes evaluated. In most of the producer fungal species, this enzymatic activity was relatively maintained when NaCl was added to the medium. Among the isolates evaluated, <i>Sarocladium terricola</i> (E025), <i>Acremonium implicatum</i> (E178), <i>Microdiplodia hawaiiensis</i> (E198), and an unidentified species (E586) were the most suitable candidates for the massive production of enzymes by using growth substrates with saline properties (such as those found in the many by-products from the agrifood industry). This study should be considered an initial approach by which to further study the identification of these compounds as well as to develop the optimization of their production by directly using those residues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e86ede5472f244a7a02e319428c88bf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:44:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e86ede5472f244a7a02e319428c88bf42023-11-17T20:32:16ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111490810.3390/microorganisms11040908Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt ConditionsCarlos García-Latorre0Sara Rodrigo1Oscar Santamaría2School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, SpainIndehesa Research Institute, Campus de Badajoz, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, SpainDepartment of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University Institute for Research in Sustainable Forest Management (iuFOR), University of Valladolid, Avda. Madrid 57, 34004 Palencia, SpainEndophytic fungi have been found to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes, which are increasingly in demand for their industrial applications. Different by-products from the agrifood industry could be used as fungal growth substrates for the massive production of these enzymes, specifically as a way to revalorize them. However, such by-products often present unfavorable conditions for the microorganism’s growth, such as high salt concentrations. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of eleven endophytic fungi—which were isolated from plants growing in a harsh environment, specifically, from the Spanish dehesas—for the purposes of the in vitro production of six enzymes (i.e., amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, pectinase and laccase) under both standard and salt-amended conditions. Under standard conditions, the studied endophytes produced between two and four of the six enzymes evaluated. In most of the producer fungal species, this enzymatic activity was relatively maintained when NaCl was added to the medium. Among the isolates evaluated, <i>Sarocladium terricola</i> (E025), <i>Acremonium implicatum</i> (E178), <i>Microdiplodia hawaiiensis</i> (E198), and an unidentified species (E586) were the most suitable candidates for the massive production of enzymes by using growth substrates with saline properties (such as those found in the many by-products from the agrifood industry). This study should be considered an initial approach by which to further study the identification of these compounds as well as to develop the optimization of their production by directly using those residues.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/908secondary metabolitesby-productsendophytic fungiagrifood industryhalotolerance |
| spellingShingle | Carlos García-Latorre Sara Rodrigo Oscar Santamaría Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions Microorganisms secondary metabolites by-products endophytic fungi agrifood industry halotolerance |
| title | Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions |
| title_full | Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions |
| title_short | Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions |
| title_sort | potential of fungal endophytes isolated from pasture species in spanish dehesas to produce enzymes under salt conditions |
| topic | secondary metabolites by-products endophytic fungi agrifood industry halotolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/4/908 |
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