Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry
This paper presents a state-of-the-art whispering gallery mode (WGM) thermometer system, which could replace platinum resistance thermometers currently used in many industrial applications, thus overcoming some of their well-known limitations and their potential for providing lower measurement uncer...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1814 |
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| author | Simone Corbellini Chiara Ramella Lili Yu Marco Pirola Vito Fernicola |
| author_facet | Simone Corbellini Chiara Ramella Lili Yu Marco Pirola Vito Fernicola |
| author_sort | Simone Corbellini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a state-of-the-art whispering gallery mode (WGM) thermometer system, which could replace platinum resistance thermometers currently used in many industrial applications, thus overcoming some of their well-known limitations and their potential for providing lower measurement uncertainty. The temperature-sensing element is a sapphire-crystal-based whispering gallery mode resonator with the main resonant modes between 10 GHz and 20 GHz. In particular, it was found that the WGM around 13.6 GHz maximizes measurement performance, affording sub-millikelvin resolution and temperature stability of better than 1 mK at 0 °C. The thermometer system was made portable and low-cost by developing an ad hoc interrogation system (hardware and software) able to achieve an accuracy in the order of a few parts in 109 in the determination of resonance frequencies. Herein we report the experimental assessment of the measurement stability, repeatability and resolution, and the calibration of the thermometer in the temperature range from −74 °C to 85 °C. The combined standard uncertainty for a single temperature calibration point is found to be within 5 mK (i.e., comparable with state-of-the-art for industrial thermometry), and is mainly due to the employed calibration setup. The uncertainty contribution of the WGM thermometer alone is within a millikelvin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e873173314254ce9b1cb5b5557357033 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e873173314254ce9b1cb5b55573570332022-12-22T03:10:31ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-10-011611181410.3390/s16111814s16111814Whispering Gallery Mode ThermometrySimone Corbellini0Chiara Ramella1Lili Yu2Marco Pirola3Vito Fernicola4Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, ItalyDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, ItalyCollege of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino 10135, ItalyThis paper presents a state-of-the-art whispering gallery mode (WGM) thermometer system, which could replace platinum resistance thermometers currently used in many industrial applications, thus overcoming some of their well-known limitations and their potential for providing lower measurement uncertainty. The temperature-sensing element is a sapphire-crystal-based whispering gallery mode resonator with the main resonant modes between 10 GHz and 20 GHz. In particular, it was found that the WGM around 13.6 GHz maximizes measurement performance, affording sub-millikelvin resolution and temperature stability of better than 1 mK at 0 °C. The thermometer system was made portable and low-cost by developing an ad hoc interrogation system (hardware and software) able to achieve an accuracy in the order of a few parts in 109 in the determination of resonance frequencies. Herein we report the experimental assessment of the measurement stability, repeatability and resolution, and the calibration of the thermometer in the temperature range from −74 °C to 85 °C. The combined standard uncertainty for a single temperature calibration point is found to be within 5 mK (i.e., comparable with state-of-the-art for industrial thermometry), and is mainly due to the employed calibration setup. The uncertainty contribution of the WGM thermometer alone is within a millikelvin.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1814whispering gallery mode resonatorstemperature sensorshigh-accuracy thermometrymicrowave resonancesapphire-based dielectric thermometry |
| spellingShingle | Simone Corbellini Chiara Ramella Lili Yu Marco Pirola Vito Fernicola Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry Sensors whispering gallery mode resonators temperature sensors high-accuracy thermometry microwave resonance sapphire-based dielectric thermometry |
| title | Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry |
| title_full | Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry |
| title_fullStr | Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry |
| title_short | Whispering Gallery Mode Thermometry |
| title_sort | whispering gallery mode thermometry |
| topic | whispering gallery mode resonators temperature sensors high-accuracy thermometry microwave resonance sapphire-based dielectric thermometry |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/11/1814 |
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