Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Mangrove mapping at the species level enables the creation of a detailed inventory of mangrove forest biodiversity and supports coastal ecosystem management. The Karimunjawa National Park in Central Java Province is one of Indonesia’s mangrove habitats with high biodiversity, namely, 44 species repr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/183 |
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| author | Arie Dwika Rahmandhana Muhammad Kamal Pramaditya Wicaksono |
| author_facet | Arie Dwika Rahmandhana Muhammad Kamal Pramaditya Wicaksono |
| author_sort | Arie Dwika Rahmandhana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mangrove mapping at the species level enables the creation of a detailed inventory of mangrove forest biodiversity and supports coastal ecosystem management. The Karimunjawa National Park in Central Java Province is one of Indonesia’s mangrove habitats with high biodiversity, namely, 44 species representing 25 true mangroves and 19 mangrove associates. This study aims to (1) classify and group mangrove species by their spectral reflectance characteristics, (2) map mangrove species by applying their spectral reflectance to WorldView-2 satellite imagery with the spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral information divergence (SID), and spectral feature fitting (SFF) algorithms, and (3) assess the accuracy of the produced mangrove species mapping of the Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands. The collected field data included (1) mangrove species identification, (2) coordinate locations of targeted mangrove species, and (3) the spectral reflectance of mangrove species measured with a field spectrometer. Dendrogram analysis was conducted with the Ward linkage method to classify mangrove species based on the distance between the closest clusters of spectral reflectance patterns. The dendrogram showed that the 24 mangrove species found in the field could be grouped into four levels. They consisted of two, four, and five species groups for Levels 1 to 3, respectively, and individual species for Level 4. The mapping results indicated that the SID algorithm had the highest overall accuracy (OA) at 49.72%, 22.60%, and 15.20% for Levels 1 to 3, respectively, while SFF produced the most accurate results for individual species mapping (Level 4) with an OA of 5.08%. The results suggest that the greater the number of classes to be mapped, the lower the mapping accuracy. The results can be used to model the spatial distribution of mangrove species or the composition of mangrove forests and update databases related to coastal management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e87884365d0f43f0a36788f4adbfb4f3 |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e87884365d0f43f0a36788f4adbfb4f32023-11-23T12:14:26ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-01-0114118310.3390/rs14010183Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, IndonesiaArie Dwika Rahmandhana0Muhammad Kamal1Pramaditya Wicaksono2Master of Science Study Program in Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Geographic Information Science, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaMangrove mapping at the species level enables the creation of a detailed inventory of mangrove forest biodiversity and supports coastal ecosystem management. The Karimunjawa National Park in Central Java Province is one of Indonesia’s mangrove habitats with high biodiversity, namely, 44 species representing 25 true mangroves and 19 mangrove associates. This study aims to (1) classify and group mangrove species by their spectral reflectance characteristics, (2) map mangrove species by applying their spectral reflectance to WorldView-2 satellite imagery with the spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral information divergence (SID), and spectral feature fitting (SFF) algorithms, and (3) assess the accuracy of the produced mangrove species mapping of the Karimunjawa and Kemujan Islands. The collected field data included (1) mangrove species identification, (2) coordinate locations of targeted mangrove species, and (3) the spectral reflectance of mangrove species measured with a field spectrometer. Dendrogram analysis was conducted with the Ward linkage method to classify mangrove species based on the distance between the closest clusters of spectral reflectance patterns. The dendrogram showed that the 24 mangrove species found in the field could be grouped into four levels. They consisted of two, four, and five species groups for Levels 1 to 3, respectively, and individual species for Level 4. The mapping results indicated that the SID algorithm had the highest overall accuracy (OA) at 49.72%, 22.60%, and 15.20% for Levels 1 to 3, respectively, while SFF produced the most accurate results for individual species mapping (Level 4) with an OA of 5.08%. The results suggest that the greater the number of classes to be mapped, the lower the mapping accuracy. The results can be used to model the spatial distribution of mangrove species or the composition of mangrove forests and update databases related to coastal management.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/183mangrove speciesspectrometerspectral reflectanceWorldView-2dendrogram |
| spellingShingle | Arie Dwika Rahmandhana Muhammad Kamal Pramaditya Wicaksono Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia Remote Sensing mangrove species spectrometer spectral reflectance WorldView-2 dendrogram |
| title | Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia |
| title_full | Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia |
| title_short | Spectral Reflectance-Based Mangrove Species Mapping from WorldView-2 Imagery of Karimunjawa and Kemujan Island, Central Java Province, Indonesia |
| title_sort | spectral reflectance based mangrove species mapping from worldview 2 imagery of karimunjawa and kemujan island central java province indonesia |
| topic | mangrove species spectrometer spectral reflectance WorldView-2 dendrogram |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/183 |
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