Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyro...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/718 |
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| author | Eleonore Fröhlich Richard Wahl |
| author_facet | Eleonore Fröhlich Richard Wahl |
| author_sort | Eleonore Fröhlich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones (THs, predominantly in subclinical hypothyroidism) and of sex hormones (in menopause). These hormonal changes influence hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and may increase hepatic fat accumulation. This review compares the effects of sex hormones, THs and the respective stimulating hormones, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), on the development of hepatosteatosis. TSH and FSH may be more relevant to the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism than the peripheral hormones because metabolic changes were identified when only levels of the stimulating hormones were abnormal and the peripheral hormones were still in the reference range. Increased TSH and FSH levels appear to have additive effects on the development of NAFLD and to act independently from each other. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:07:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e879c0c8609e4efeaf31dec8fd0aacd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:07:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-e879c0c8609e4efeaf31dec8fd0aacd12023-12-03T14:06:13ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-08-0112871810.3390/metabo12080718Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseEleonore Fröhlich0Richard Wahl1Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, AustriaInstitute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, GermanyNon-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones (THs, predominantly in subclinical hypothyroidism) and of sex hormones (in menopause). These hormonal changes influence hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and may increase hepatic fat accumulation. This review compares the effects of sex hormones, THs and the respective stimulating hormones, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), on the development of hepatosteatosis. TSH and FSH may be more relevant to the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism than the peripheral hormones because metabolic changes were identified when only levels of the stimulating hormones were abnormal and the peripheral hormones were still in the reference range. Increased TSH and FSH levels appear to have additive effects on the development of NAFLD and to act independently from each other.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/718thyroid-stimulating hormonefollicle-stimulating hormonemetabolic syndromehypothyroidismmenopausemetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease |
| spellingShingle | Eleonore Fröhlich Richard Wahl Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Metabolites thyroid-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone metabolic syndrome hypothyroidism menopause metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease |
| title | Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full | Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_short | Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_sort | insight into potential interactions of thyroid hormones sex hormones and their stimulating hormones in the development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| topic | thyroid-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone metabolic syndrome hypothyroidism menopause metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/8/718 |
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