Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review
The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2299 |
| _version_ | 1827677697902379008 |
|---|---|
| author | Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss |
| author_facet | Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss |
| author_sort | Hiba M. Alkharabsheh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly impacted by salinity stress. High soil salinity can reduce water uptake, create osmotic stress in plants and, consequently, oxidative stress. Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, to mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) or compartmentalizing Na<sup>+</sup> to vacuoles. Likewise, plants activate an antioxidant defense system to detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding the response of field crops to salinity stress, including their resistance mechanisms, can help breed adapted varieties with high productivity under unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, the primary stages of seed germination are more critical to osmotic stress than the vegetative stages. However, salinity stress at the reproductive stage can also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches are being used to accelerate the development of salt-adapted crops. In addition, hormones and osmolytes application can mitigate the toxicity impact of salts in cereal crops. Therefore, we review the salinity on cereal crops physiology and production, the management strategies to cope with the harmful negative effect on cereal crops physiology and production of salt stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:47:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:47:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e881e6bc87f7495497a87c6fd4c59f292023-11-22T22:03:31ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-11-011111229910.3390/agronomy11112299Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A ReviewHiba M. Alkharabsheh0Mahmoud F. Seleiman1Omar A. Hewedy2Martin L. Battaglia3Rewaa S. Jalal4Bushra A. Alhammad5Calogero Schillaci6Nawab Ali7Abdullah Al-Doss8Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, JordanPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USADepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj Box 292, Riyadh 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20122 Milan, ItalyAgriculture and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agriculture Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe productivity of cereal crops under salt stress limits sustainable food production and food security. Barley followed by sorghum better adapts to salinity stress, while wheat and maize are moderately adapted. However, rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and its growth and grain yield are significantly impacted by salinity stress. High soil salinity can reduce water uptake, create osmotic stress in plants and, consequently, oxidative stress. Crops have evolved different tolerance mechanisms, particularly cereals, to mitigate the stressful conditions, i.e., effluxing excessive sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) or compartmentalizing Na<sup>+</sup> to vacuoles. Likewise, plants activate an antioxidant defense system to detoxify apoplastic cell wall acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding the response of field crops to salinity stress, including their resistance mechanisms, can help breed adapted varieties with high productivity under unfavourable environmental factors. In contrast, the primary stages of seed germination are more critical to osmotic stress than the vegetative stages. However, salinity stress at the reproductive stage can also decrease crop productivity. Biotechnology approaches are being used to accelerate the development of salt-adapted crops. In addition, hormones and osmolytes application can mitigate the toxicity impact of salts in cereal crops. Therefore, we review the salinity on cereal crops physiology and production, the management strategies to cope with the harmful negative effect on cereal crops physiology and production of salt stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2299cerealsalinitymitigation effectsmechanismsmodern agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Hiba M. Alkharabsheh Mahmoud F. Seleiman Omar A. Hewedy Martin L. Battaglia Rewaa S. Jalal Bushra A. Alhammad Calogero Schillaci Nawab Ali Abdullah Al-Doss Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review Agronomy cereal salinity mitigation effects mechanisms modern agriculture |
| title | Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review |
| title_full | Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review |
| title_short | Field Crop Responses and Management Strategies to Mitigate Soil Salinity in Modern Agriculture: A Review |
| title_sort | field crop responses and management strategies to mitigate soil salinity in modern agriculture a review |
| topic | cereal salinity mitigation effects mechanisms modern agriculture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2299 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hibamalkharabsheh fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT mahmoudfseleiman fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT omarahewedy fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT martinlbattaglia fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT rewaasjalal fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT bushraaalhammad fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT calogeroschillaci fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT nawabali fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview AT abdullahaldoss fieldcropresponsesandmanagementstrategiestomitigatesoilsalinityinmodernagricultureareview |