The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison
Introduction: The Krebs cycle is an important set of reactions that synthesize different molecules and substances that affect various organs. The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system and the immune system. Methods and Materials: The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Endocrines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/4/1/16 |
| _version_ | 1797612231859372032 |
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| author | Borros M. Arneth |
| author_facet | Borros M. Arneth |
| author_sort | Borros M. Arneth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The Krebs cycle is an important set of reactions that synthesize different molecules and substances that affect various organs. The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system and the immune system. Methods and Materials: The articles used in this paper were obtained from a systematic search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and primary databases. The search terms were “Krebs cycle,” “intermediates,” “endocrine system,” “tricarboxylic acid,” “citric acid cycle,” and “immune system,” and Boolean operators (AND/OR) were used to combine terms. Results: A review of the selected studies showed that Krebs cycle intermediates influence how the endocrine system regulates and controls body processes, including energy uptake. Moreover, these intermediates have both direct and indirect effects on immune function, memory, and activation. Discussion: An understanding of the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on endocrine and immune processes will provide valuable insights for the development of new therapies. Additionally, this knowledge is a basis for exploring the pathogenesis of the complications related to endocrine system function and for evaluating the immune system response to pathogens. Conclusions: The evidence gathered in this review shows that Krebs cycle intermediates have significant effects on immune and endocrine processes. However, further human and in vivo studies are required to generate additional evidence for the underlying pathways and to identify the potential strategies for targeting these mechanisms to manage specific disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:38:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8845e56c5b44a9ab5009f9f97703e22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-396X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:38:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endocrines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8845e56c5b44a9ab5009f9f97703e222023-11-17T10:47:02ZengMDPI AGEndocrines2673-396X2023-03-014117919310.3390/endocrines4010016The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A ComparisonBorros M. Arneth0Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Giessen, GermanyIntroduction: The Krebs cycle is an important set of reactions that synthesize different molecules and substances that affect various organs. The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system and the immune system. Methods and Materials: The articles used in this paper were obtained from a systematic search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and primary databases. The search terms were “Krebs cycle,” “intermediates,” “endocrine system,” “tricarboxylic acid,” “citric acid cycle,” and “immune system,” and Boolean operators (AND/OR) were used to combine terms. Results: A review of the selected studies showed that Krebs cycle intermediates influence how the endocrine system regulates and controls body processes, including energy uptake. Moreover, these intermediates have both direct and indirect effects on immune function, memory, and activation. Discussion: An understanding of the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on endocrine and immune processes will provide valuable insights for the development of new therapies. Additionally, this knowledge is a basis for exploring the pathogenesis of the complications related to endocrine system function and for evaluating the immune system response to pathogens. Conclusions: The evidence gathered in this review shows that Krebs cycle intermediates have significant effects on immune and endocrine processes. However, further human and in vivo studies are required to generate additional evidence for the underlying pathways and to identify the potential strategies for targeting these mechanisms to manage specific disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/4/1/16Krebs cyclebiochemistryregulationhormonesmetabolitesendocrinology |
| spellingShingle | Borros M. Arneth The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison Endocrines Krebs cycle biochemistry regulation hormones metabolites endocrinology |
| title | The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison |
| title_full | The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison |
| title_short | The Impact of Krebs Cycle Intermediates on the Endocrine System and Immune System: A Comparison |
| title_sort | impact of krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system and immune system a comparison |
| topic | Krebs cycle biochemistry regulation hormones metabolites endocrinology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-396X/4/1/16 |
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