Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants
Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccines. They significantly improve vaccine efficacy by modulating, enhancing, or extending the immune response and at the same time reducing the amount of antigen needed. In contrast to previously licensed adjuvants, current successful adjuvant formulations ofte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/2/297 |
| _version_ | 1798039412410417152 |
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| author | Benoît Levast Sunita Awate Lorne Babiuk George Mutwiri Volker Gerdts Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk |
| author_facet | Benoît Levast Sunita Awate Lorne Babiuk George Mutwiri Volker Gerdts Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk |
| author_sort | Benoît Levast |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccines. They significantly improve vaccine efficacy by modulating, enhancing, or extending the immune response and at the same time reducing the amount of antigen needed. In contrast to previously licensed adjuvants, current successful adjuvant formulations often consist of several molecules, that when combined, act synergistically by activating a variety of immune mechanisms. These “combination adjuvants” are already registered with several vaccines, both in humans and animals, and novel combination adjuvants are in the pipeline. With improved knowledge of the type of immune responses needed to successfully induce disease protection by vaccination, combination adjuvants are particularly suited to not only enhance, but also direct the immune responses desired to be either Th1-, Th2- or Th17-biased. Indeed, in view of the variety of disease and population targets for vaccine development, a panel of adjuvants will be needed to address different disease targets and populations. Here, we will review well-known and new combination adjuvants already licensed or currently in development—including ISCOMs, liposomes, Adjuvant Systems Montanides, and triple adjuvant combinations—and summarize their performance in preclinical and clinical trials. Several of these combination adjuvants are promising having promoted improved and balanced immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:53:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e885c6a0e05240e498f3de5ce7543c67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:53:32Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e885c6a0e05240e498f3de5ce7543c672022-12-22T04:01:10ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2014-04-012229732210.3390/vaccines2020297vaccines2020297Vaccine Potentiation by Combination AdjuvantsBenoît Levast0Sunita Awate1Lorne Babiuk2George Mutwiri3Volker Gerdts4Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk5VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaVIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaUniversity Hall, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J9, CanadaVIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaVIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaVIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadaAdjuvants are crucial components of vaccines. They significantly improve vaccine efficacy by modulating, enhancing, or extending the immune response and at the same time reducing the amount of antigen needed. In contrast to previously licensed adjuvants, current successful adjuvant formulations often consist of several molecules, that when combined, act synergistically by activating a variety of immune mechanisms. These “combination adjuvants” are already registered with several vaccines, both in humans and animals, and novel combination adjuvants are in the pipeline. With improved knowledge of the type of immune responses needed to successfully induce disease protection by vaccination, combination adjuvants are particularly suited to not only enhance, but also direct the immune responses desired to be either Th1-, Th2- or Th17-biased. Indeed, in view of the variety of disease and population targets for vaccine development, a panel of adjuvants will be needed to address different disease targets and populations. Here, we will review well-known and new combination adjuvants already licensed or currently in development—including ISCOMs, liposomes, Adjuvant Systems Montanides, and triple adjuvant combinations—and summarize their performance in preclinical and clinical trials. Several of these combination adjuvants are promising having promoted improved and balanced immune responses.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/2/297reviewadjuvantscombinationshuman clinical trials |
| spellingShingle | Benoît Levast Sunita Awate Lorne Babiuk George Mutwiri Volker Gerdts Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants Vaccines review adjuvants combinations human clinical trials |
| title | Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants |
| title_full | Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants |
| title_short | Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants |
| title_sort | vaccine potentiation by combination adjuvants |
| topic | review adjuvants combinations human clinical trials |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/2/2/297 |
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