A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019

Vector-borne pathogens such as <i>Erlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> are widespread in the Mediterranean basin. <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>, is considered the main vector in Mediterranean climatic areas. Seroprevalence in dogs is variable in rela...

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Main Authors: Sergio Migliore, Valeria Gargano, Claudia De Maria, Delia Gambino, Antonino Gentile, Valeria Vitale Badaco, Giorgia Schirò, Francesco Mira, Paola Galluzzo, Domenico Vicari, Santina Di Bella
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-12-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2444
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author Sergio Migliore
Valeria Gargano
Claudia De Maria
Delia Gambino
Antonino Gentile
Valeria Vitale Badaco
Giorgia Schirò
Francesco Mira
Paola Galluzzo
Domenico Vicari
Santina Di Bella
author_facet Sergio Migliore
Valeria Gargano
Claudia De Maria
Delia Gambino
Antonino Gentile
Valeria Vitale Badaco
Giorgia Schirò
Francesco Mira
Paola Galluzzo
Domenico Vicari
Santina Di Bella
author_sort Sergio Migliore
collection DOAJ
description Vector-borne pathogens such as <i>Erlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> are widespread in the Mediterranean basin. <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>, is considered the main vector in Mediterranean climatic areas. Seroprevalence in dogs is variable in relation to environmental factors, presence of vectors, and dogs’ management. We investigated the seroprevalence in Sicilian dogs during 2017–2019, considering temporal as well as spatial variations, and different canine population. A total of 11,009 sera were analyzed: 7568 and 3441 sera were tested to detect antibodies to <i>E. canis</i> and to <i>R. conorii</i>, respectively, by immunofluorescence assay. The rainfall average in the sampling sites during the three-year period was also considered. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests for association between two or more variables. We reported a prevalence of 29.6% and 53.6% for <i>E. canis</i> and <i>R. conorii,</i> respectively. Significant temporal variation was found in <i>R. conorii</i>, while significant difference was found considering canine population and spatial variation regarding both pathogens. Our study updates the previous results of <i>E. canis</i> and <i>R. conorii</i> seroprevalence in dogs in Sicily, and confirms the wide distribution of these pathogens. In addition, we considered, for the first time, three different variables to identify the areas and the canine populations most exposed to risk.
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spelling doaj.art-e8966e9bba2d428fbd0f9673fc80d7632023-11-21T01:48:15ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012244410.3390/ani10122444A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019Sergio Migliore0Valeria Gargano1Claudia De Maria2Delia Gambino3Antonino Gentile4Valeria Vitale Badaco5Giorgia Schirò6Francesco Mira7Paola Galluzzo8Domenico Vicari9Santina Di Bella10Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, ItalyVector-borne pathogens such as <i>Erlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> are widespread in the Mediterranean basin. <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i>, is considered the main vector in Mediterranean climatic areas. Seroprevalence in dogs is variable in relation to environmental factors, presence of vectors, and dogs’ management. We investigated the seroprevalence in Sicilian dogs during 2017–2019, considering temporal as well as spatial variations, and different canine population. A total of 11,009 sera were analyzed: 7568 and 3441 sera were tested to detect antibodies to <i>E. canis</i> and to <i>R. conorii</i>, respectively, by immunofluorescence assay. The rainfall average in the sampling sites during the three-year period was also considered. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests for association between two or more variables. We reported a prevalence of 29.6% and 53.6% for <i>E. canis</i> and <i>R. conorii,</i> respectively. Significant temporal variation was found in <i>R. conorii</i>, while significant difference was found considering canine population and spatial variation regarding both pathogens. Our study updates the previous results of <i>E. canis</i> and <i>R. conorii</i> seroprevalence in dogs in Sicily, and confirms the wide distribution of these pathogens. In addition, we considered, for the first time, three different variables to identify the areas and the canine populations most exposed to risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2444<i>Erlichia canis</i><i>Rickettsia conorii</i>dog
spellingShingle Sergio Migliore
Valeria Gargano
Claudia De Maria
Delia Gambino
Antonino Gentile
Valeria Vitale Badaco
Giorgia Schirò
Francesco Mira
Paola Galluzzo
Domenico Vicari
Santina Di Bella
A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
Animals
<i>Erlichia canis</i>
<i>Rickettsia conorii</i>
dog
title A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
title_full A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
title_fullStr A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
title_full_unstemmed A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
title_short A Cross Sectional Study on Serological Prevalence of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>conorii</i> in Different Canine Population of Sicily (South-Italy) during 2017–2019
title_sort cross sectional study on serological prevalence of i ehrlichia canis i and i rickettsia i i conorii i in different canine population of sicily south italy during 2017 2019
topic <i>Erlichia canis</i>
<i>Rickettsia conorii</i>
dog
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2444
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