Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups
Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers du...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0031 |
| _version_ | 1818403102494031872 |
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| author | Mahmoodian Zahra Shekaari Majid Asadi Soleimani Mansooreh Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam Moradi Fatemeh Akbarnejad Zeinab Esmaeilpour Khadijeh Kalantaripour Taj Pri |
| author_facet | Mahmoodian Zahra Shekaari Majid Asadi Soleimani Mansooreh Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam Moradi Fatemeh Akbarnejad Zeinab Esmaeilpour Khadijeh Kalantaripour Taj Pri |
| author_sort | Mahmoodian Zahra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation and the positive effects on learning and memory processes in their offspring. Wistar adult female rats were placed into three groups: control (fed with pellet, 20 g daily during pregnancy and lactation), CASE 1 [fed with Walnut Kernel (WK) 6% of food intake during pregnancy and lactation] and CASE 2 (fed with WK, 9% of food intake during gestation and lactation). In order to evaluate offspring learning and memory, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed for their adult offspring at 80 days of age. Histological and molecular studies were utilized in order to discover the protective mechanism and efficacy of WK consumption. The results revealed that learning was significantly improved in the females of CASE 2, in comparison to controls, while there was no difference in memory among the different groups. In addition, the number of neurons significantly increased in the CASE 2 group compared to the control group. However, the molecular study demonstrated that there was no significant difference among the study groups. The results herein show that feeding mothers with WK may improve the learning competence of their pups and increase the number of neurons in both sexes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:18:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e898b6c38f854ab3a9cb964287d89048 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2300-6676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:18:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e898b6c38f854ab3a9cb964287d890482022-12-21T23:09:51ZengSciendoCurrent Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences2300-66762020-12-0133421922410.2478/cipms-2020-0031Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pupsMahmoodian Zahra0Shekaari Majid Asadi1Soleimani Mansooreh2Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam3Moradi Fatemeh4Akbarnejad Zeinab5Esmaeilpour Khadijeh6Kalantaripour Taj Pri7International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranCellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Anatomical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNeuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Branch of Kerman, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, IranWalnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation and the positive effects on learning and memory processes in their offspring. Wistar adult female rats were placed into three groups: control (fed with pellet, 20 g daily during pregnancy and lactation), CASE 1 [fed with Walnut Kernel (WK) 6% of food intake during pregnancy and lactation] and CASE 2 (fed with WK, 9% of food intake during gestation and lactation). In order to evaluate offspring learning and memory, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed for their adult offspring at 80 days of age. Histological and molecular studies were utilized in order to discover the protective mechanism and efficacy of WK consumption. The results revealed that learning was significantly improved in the females of CASE 2, in comparison to controls, while there was no difference in memory among the different groups. In addition, the number of neurons significantly increased in the CASE 2 group compared to the control group. However, the molecular study demonstrated that there was no significant difference among the study groups. The results herein show that feeding mothers with WK may improve the learning competence of their pups and increase the number of neurons in both sexes.https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0031ratmemorywalnutlearningbdnfnmda-roffspring |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoodian Zahra Shekaari Majid Asadi Soleimani Mansooreh Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Meysam Moradi Fatemeh Akbarnejad Zeinab Esmaeilpour Khadijeh Kalantaripour Taj Pri Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences rat memory walnut learning bdnf nmda-r offspring |
| title | Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| title_full | Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| title_fullStr | Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| title_short | Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| title_sort | walnut kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups changes in number of neurons and gene expression of nmda receptor and bdnf in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups |
| topic | rat memory walnut learning bdnf nmda-r offspring |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0031 |
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