Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins
Gene duplication and divergence is a major contributor to the generation of morphological diversity and the emergence of novel features in vertebrates during evolution. The availability of sequenced genomes has facilitated our understanding of the evolution of genes and regulatory elements. However,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.798812/full |
| _version_ | 1818208305574576128 |
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| author | Narendra Pratap Singh Robb Krumlauf Robb Krumlauf |
| author_facet | Narendra Pratap Singh Robb Krumlauf Robb Krumlauf |
| author_sort | Narendra Pratap Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gene duplication and divergence is a major contributor to the generation of morphological diversity and the emergence of novel features in vertebrates during evolution. The availability of sequenced genomes has facilitated our understanding of the evolution of genes and regulatory elements. However, progress in understanding conservation and divergence in the function of proteins has been slow and mainly assessed by comparing protein sequences in combination with in vitro analyses. These approaches help to classify proteins into different families and sub-families, such as distinct types of transcription factors, but how protein function varies within a gene family is less well understood. Some studies have explored the functional evolution of closely related proteins and important insights have begun to emerge. In this review, we will provide a general overview of gene duplication and functional divergence and then focus on the functional evolution of HOX proteins to illustrate evolutionary changes underlying diversification and their role in animal evolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:42:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e89952bb4881413582172ad4cf64a322 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T04:42:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e89952bb4881413582172ad4cf64a3222022-12-22T00:37:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-05-011010.3389/fcell.2022.798812798812Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX ProteinsNarendra Pratap Singh0Robb Krumlauf1Robb Krumlauf2Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesStowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesGene duplication and divergence is a major contributor to the generation of morphological diversity and the emergence of novel features in vertebrates during evolution. The availability of sequenced genomes has facilitated our understanding of the evolution of genes and regulatory elements. However, progress in understanding conservation and divergence in the function of proteins has been slow and mainly assessed by comparing protein sequences in combination with in vitro analyses. These approaches help to classify proteins into different families and sub-families, such as distinct types of transcription factors, but how protein function varies within a gene family is less well understood. Some studies have explored the functional evolution of closely related proteins and important insights have begun to emerge. In this review, we will provide a general overview of gene duplication and functional divergence and then focus on the functional evolution of HOX proteins to illustrate evolutionary changes underlying diversification and their role in animal evolution.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.798812/fullgene duplication and divergenceprotein evolutionHOX proteinsDrosophilamouse |
| spellingShingle | Narendra Pratap Singh Robb Krumlauf Robb Krumlauf Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology gene duplication and divergence protein evolution HOX proteins Drosophila mouse |
| title | Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins |
| title_full | Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins |
| title_fullStr | Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins |
| title_short | Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins |
| title_sort | diversification and functional evolution of hox proteins |
| topic | gene duplication and divergence protein evolution HOX proteins Drosophila mouse |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.798812/full |
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