Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements
In this study vapour pressure osmometry was used to determine water activity in the solutions of organic acids. The surface tension of the solutions was also monitored in parallel and then Köhler curves were calculated for nine organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, maleic, mali...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2007-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4601/2007/acp-7-4601-2007.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818834413504430080 |
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| author | Z. Varga G. Kiss H.-C. Hansson |
| author_facet | Z. Varga G. Kiss H.-C. Hansson |
| author_sort | Z. Varga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study vapour pressure osmometry was used to determine water activity in the solutions of organic acids. The surface tension of the solutions was also monitored in parallel and then Köhler curves were calculated for nine organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, maleic, malic, citric and cis-pinonic). Surface tension depression is negligible for most of the organic acids in dilute (&le;1 w/w%) solutions. Therefore, these compounds affect equilibrium vapour pressure only in the beginning phase of droplet formation when the droplet solution is more concentrated but not necessarily at the critical size. An exception is cis-pinonic acid which remarkably depress surface tension also in dilute (0.1 w/w%) solution and hence at the critical point. The surface tension of organic acid solutions is influenced by the solubility of the compound, the length of the carbon chain and also by the polar functional groups present in the molecule. Similarly to surface tension solubility plays an important role also in water activity: compounds with higher solubility (e.g. malonic, maleic and glutaric acid) reduce water activity significantly in the early phase of droplet formation while less soluble acids (e.g. succinic and adipic acid) are saturated in small droplets and the solution starts diluting only in bigger droplets. As a consequence, compounds with lower solubility have a minor effect on water activity in the early phase of droplet formation. To deduce the total effect Köhler curves were calculated and critical supersaturations (S<sub><i>c</i></sub>) were determined for the organic acids using measured surface tension and water activity. It was found that critical supersaturation grew with growing carbon number. Oxalic acid had the lowest critical supersaturation in the size range studied and it was comparable to the activation of ammonium sulphate. The S<sub><i>c</i></sub> values obtained in this study were compared to data from CCNC experiments. In most cases good agreement was found. For modelling purposes S<sub><i>c</i></sub> vs. d<sub>dry</sub> plots are given and the dependence of water activity and surface tension on concentration are also formulated. |
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| id | doaj.art-e8a1a6a316b246bb940081e6b4c32ce4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T02:34:25Z |
| publishDate | 2007-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8a1a6a316b246bb940081e6b4c32ce42022-12-21T20:39:30ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242007-09-0171746014611Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurementsZ. VargaG. KissH.-C. HanssonIn this study vapour pressure osmometry was used to determine water activity in the solutions of organic acids. The surface tension of the solutions was also monitored in parallel and then Köhler curves were calculated for nine organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, maleic, malic, citric and cis-pinonic). Surface tension depression is negligible for most of the organic acids in dilute (&le;1 w/w%) solutions. Therefore, these compounds affect equilibrium vapour pressure only in the beginning phase of droplet formation when the droplet solution is more concentrated but not necessarily at the critical size. An exception is cis-pinonic acid which remarkably depress surface tension also in dilute (0.1 w/w%) solution and hence at the critical point. The surface tension of organic acid solutions is influenced by the solubility of the compound, the length of the carbon chain and also by the polar functional groups present in the molecule. Similarly to surface tension solubility plays an important role also in water activity: compounds with higher solubility (e.g. malonic, maleic and glutaric acid) reduce water activity significantly in the early phase of droplet formation while less soluble acids (e.g. succinic and adipic acid) are saturated in small droplets and the solution starts diluting only in bigger droplets. As a consequence, compounds with lower solubility have a minor effect on water activity in the early phase of droplet formation. To deduce the total effect Köhler curves were calculated and critical supersaturations (S<sub><i>c</i></sub>) were determined for the organic acids using measured surface tension and water activity. It was found that critical supersaturation grew with growing carbon number. Oxalic acid had the lowest critical supersaturation in the size range studied and it was comparable to the activation of ammonium sulphate. The S<sub><i>c</i></sub> values obtained in this study were compared to data from CCNC experiments. In most cases good agreement was found. For modelling purposes S<sub><i>c</i></sub> vs. d<sub>dry</sub> plots are given and the dependence of water activity and surface tension on concentration are also formulated.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4601/2007/acp-7-4601-2007.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Varga G. Kiss H.-C. Hansson Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| title_full | Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| title_fullStr | Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| title_short | Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| title_sort | modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids on the basis of surface tension and osmolality measurements |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/4601/2007/acp-7-4601-2007.pdf |
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