Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the major viral pathogens of cattle, responsible for economic losses and causing a substantial impact on animal welfare. Several in vitro 2D models have been used to investigate BCoV infection and its pathogenesis. However, 3D enteroids are likely to be a better m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/635 |
| _version_ | 1827747306877747200 |
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| author | Ruchika Shakya Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel |
| author_facet | Ruchika Shakya Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel |
| author_sort | Ruchika Shakya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the major viral pathogens of cattle, responsible for economic losses and causing a substantial impact on animal welfare. Several in vitro 2D models have been used to investigate BCoV infection and its pathogenesis. However, 3D enteroids are likely to be a better model with which to investigate host–pathogen interactions. This study established bovine enteroids as an in vitro replication system for BCoV, and we compared the expression of selected genes during the BCoV infection of the enteroids with the expression previously described in HCT-8 cells. The enteroids were successfully established from bovine ileum and permissive to BCoV, as shown by a seven-fold increase in viral RNA after 72 h. Immunostaining of differentiation markers showed a mixed population of differentiated cells. Gene expression ratios at 72 h showed that pro-inflammatory responses such as IL-8 and IL-1A remained unchanged in response to BCoV infection. Expression of other immune genes, including CXCL-3, MMP13, and TNF-α, was significantly downregulated. This study shows that the bovine enteroids had a differentiated cell population and were permissive to BCoV. Further studies are necessary for a comparative analysis to determine whether enteroids are suitable in vitro models to study host responses during BCoV infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8b766fb8e3b465baaeb0c5a6f400aaa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:47:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8b766fb8e3b465baaeb0c5a6f400aaa2023-11-17T14:22:12ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115363510.3390/v15030635Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine CoronavirusRuchika Shakya0Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez1Lucy J. Robertson2Mette Myrmel3Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, NorwayDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, NorwayDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, NorwayDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 Ås, NorwayBovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the major viral pathogens of cattle, responsible for economic losses and causing a substantial impact on animal welfare. Several in vitro 2D models have been used to investigate BCoV infection and its pathogenesis. However, 3D enteroids are likely to be a better model with which to investigate host–pathogen interactions. This study established bovine enteroids as an in vitro replication system for BCoV, and we compared the expression of selected genes during the BCoV infection of the enteroids with the expression previously described in HCT-8 cells. The enteroids were successfully established from bovine ileum and permissive to BCoV, as shown by a seven-fold increase in viral RNA after 72 h. Immunostaining of differentiation markers showed a mixed population of differentiated cells. Gene expression ratios at 72 h showed that pro-inflammatory responses such as IL-8 and IL-1A remained unchanged in response to BCoV infection. Expression of other immune genes, including CXCL-3, MMP13, and TNF-α, was significantly downregulated. This study shows that the bovine enteroids had a differentiated cell population and were permissive to BCoV. Further studies are necessary for a comparative analysis to determine whether enteroids are suitable in vitro models to study host responses during BCoV infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/635bovine coronavirus (BCoV)bovineenteroidin vitro modelorganoid |
| spellingShingle | Ruchika Shakya Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus Viruses bovine coronavirus (BCoV) bovine enteroid in vitro model organoid |
| title | Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus |
| title_full | Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus |
| title_fullStr | Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus |
| title_short | Bovine Enteroids as an In Vitro Model for Infection with Bovine Coronavirus |
| title_sort | bovine enteroids as an in vitro model for infection with bovine coronavirus |
| topic | bovine coronavirus (BCoV) bovine enteroid in vitro model organoid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/3/635 |
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