Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state
<p>Two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMSs) were deployed simultaneously at an urban and a rural site in Beijing during an intensive field campaign from 1 to 29 November 2016 to investigate the source and process of airborne particles in Beijing. In the first part of this resear...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/9231/2020/acp-20-9231-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819092274145918976 |
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| author | Y. Chen J. Cai Z. Wang C. Peng X. Yao M. Tian Y. Han G. Shi G. Shi Z. Shi Y. Liu X. Yang M. Zheng T. Zhu K. He Q. Zhang F. Yang F. Yang |
| author_facet | Y. Chen J. Cai Z. Wang C. Peng X. Yao M. Tian Y. Han G. Shi G. Shi Z. Shi Y. Liu X. Yang M. Zheng T. Zhu K. He Q. Zhang F. Yang F. Yang |
| author_sort | Y. Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMSs) were deployed
simultaneously at an urban and a rural site in Beijing during an intensive
field campaign from 1 to 29 November 2016 to investigate the source
and process of airborne particles in Beijing. In the first part of this
research, we report the single-particle chemical composition, mixing state,
and evolution at both sites. A total of 96 % and 98 % of collected particles were
carbonaceous at the urban and rural sites, respectively. Five particle
categories, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC),
internal-mixed EC and OC (ECOC), potassium-rich (K-rich), and metals, were
observed at both sites. The categories were partitioned into particle types
depending on different atmospheric processing stages. A total of 17 particle types were shared at both sites. In the urban area, nitrate-containing
particle types, such as EC-Nit (Nit: nitrate) and ECOC-Nit, were enriched especially at
night, sulfate-containing particles were transported when wind speed was
high, and ECOC-Nit-Sul (Sul: sulfate) were mostly aged locally. In sum, these processed particles
added up to 85.3 % in the urban areas. In the rural area, regional
particles were abundant, but freshly emitted ECOC and OC had distinct
patterns that were pronounced at cooking and heating times. Biomass burning,
traffic, and coal burning were major sources of particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) in both rural and urban areas. Moreover, particles from the steel industry located in the
south were also identified. In summary, the chemical composition of urban
and rural particle types was similar in Beijing; the urban particles were
influenced significantly by rural processing and transport. The work is
useful to understand the evolution of urban and rural particles in Beijing
during winter.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:53:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8b9edec070a440d85fe61fbe3f67e38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:53:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8b9edec070a440d85fe61fbe3f67e382022-12-21T18:47:31ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-08-01209231924710.5194/acp-20-9231-2020Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing stateY. Chen0J. Cai1Z. Wang2C. Peng3X. Yao4M. Tian5Y. Han6G. Shi7G. Shi8Z. Shi9Y. Liu10X. Yang11M. Zheng12T. Zhu13K. He14Q. Zhang15F. Yang16F. Yang17Center for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaCenter for the Atmospheric Environment Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China<p>Two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMSs) were deployed simultaneously at an urban and a rural site in Beijing during an intensive field campaign from 1 to 29 November 2016 to investigate the source and process of airborne particles in Beijing. In the first part of this research, we report the single-particle chemical composition, mixing state, and evolution at both sites. A total of 96 % and 98 % of collected particles were carbonaceous at the urban and rural sites, respectively. Five particle categories, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), internal-mixed EC and OC (ECOC), potassium-rich (K-rich), and metals, were observed at both sites. The categories were partitioned into particle types depending on different atmospheric processing stages. A total of 17 particle types were shared at both sites. In the urban area, nitrate-containing particle types, such as EC-Nit (Nit: nitrate) and ECOC-Nit, were enriched especially at night, sulfate-containing particles were transported when wind speed was high, and ECOC-Nit-Sul (Sul: sulfate) were mostly aged locally. In sum, these processed particles added up to 85.3 % in the urban areas. In the rural area, regional particles were abundant, but freshly emitted ECOC and OC had distinct patterns that were pronounced at cooking and heating times. Biomass burning, traffic, and coal burning were major sources of particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>) in both rural and urban areas. Moreover, particles from the steel industry located in the south were also identified. In summary, the chemical composition of urban and rural particle types was similar in Beijing; the urban particles were influenced significantly by rural processing and transport. The work is useful to understand the evolution of urban and rural particles in Beijing during winter.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/9231/2020/acp-20-9231-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Chen J. Cai Z. Wang C. Peng X. Yao M. Tian Y. Han G. Shi G. Shi Z. Shi Y. Liu X. Yang M. Zheng T. Zhu K. He Q. Zhang F. Yang F. Yang Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state |
| title_full | Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state |
| title_short | Simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in Beijing – Part 1: Chemical composition and mixing state |
| title_sort | simultaneous measurements of urban and rural particles in beijing part 1 chemical composition and mixing state |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/9231/2020/acp-20-9231-2020.pdf |
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