Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles
<p>A simple green method for the production of silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Au BNPs) using a <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. (HE) extract was designed in this study. The reduction of Ag/Au metals to stable Ag/Au BNPs within 24 h at pH 5 using 1 mL of HE at 40...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tsinghua University Press
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Nano Biomedicine and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NBE.2023.9290034 |
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| author | Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq Rahmat Ali khan |
| author_facet | Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq Rahmat Ali khan |
| author_sort | Naila Sher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A simple green method for the production of silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Au BNPs) using a <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. (HE) extract was designed in this study. The reduction of Ag/Au metals to stable Ag/Au BNPs within 24 h at pH 5 using 1 mL of HE at 40 °C signifies a greater rate of reaction compared with chemically elaborated synthesis. The confirmation of the synthesis and the examination of the size, shape, and elemental composition of these BNPs were performed using visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Stable, irregular-rod-shaped, and crystalline Ag/Au BNPs with a well-defined 6-nm diameter and a blue shift <italic>λ</italic><sub>max</sub> of 532 nm were synthesized using the HE extract. Moreover, the anti-cholinesterase (anti-AChE) potential of the Ag/Au BNPs was tested as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An excellent anti-AChE activity (IC<sub>50</sub>, 71.2 ± 0.22 μg/mL) was observed for these biogenic-synthesized NPs. A statistical analysis revealed that Ag/Au BNPs inhibited AChE competitively, according to a Lineweaver–Burk plot, with <italic>K</italic><sub><italic>m</italic></sub> increasing from 0.019 to 0.063 (288%–1185.7%) and <italic>V</italic><sub>max</sub> remaining constant. The Ag/Au BNPs also caused an increase in <italic>K</italic><sub>Iapp</sub>, from 128 to 1184 (236%–828%), whereas they did not affect <italic>V</italic><sub>maxiapp</sub>. The <italic>K</italic><sub>m</sub>, <italic>K</italic><sub>I</sub>, and <italic>K</italic><sub>i</sub> values were also calculated to be 0.0053 mmol/L, 595.25 µg, and 80 µg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that small-size, stable, and potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized successfully from HE extracts that exhibited anti-AChE activity, which renders them a significant remedy for AD.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:42:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8ba91d08beb4328aebda17c00803386 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-5578 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:42:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Tsinghua University Press |
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| series | Nano Biomedicine and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8ba91d08beb4328aebda17c008033862023-10-26T10:27:31ZengTsinghua University PressNano Biomedicine and Engineering2150-55782023-09-0115331732910.26599/NBE.2023.9290034Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic NanoparticlesNaila Sher0Mushtaq Ahmed1Nadia Mushtaq2Rahmat Ali khan3Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK, Pakistan<p>A simple green method for the production of silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Au BNPs) using a <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. (HE) extract was designed in this study. The reduction of Ag/Au metals to stable Ag/Au BNPs within 24 h at pH 5 using 1 mL of HE at 40 °C signifies a greater rate of reaction compared with chemically elaborated synthesis. The confirmation of the synthesis and the examination of the size, shape, and elemental composition of these BNPs were performed using visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Stable, irregular-rod-shaped, and crystalline Ag/Au BNPs with a well-defined 6-nm diameter and a blue shift <italic>λ</italic><sub>max</sub> of 532 nm were synthesized using the HE extract. Moreover, the anti-cholinesterase (anti-AChE) potential of the Ag/Au BNPs was tested as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An excellent anti-AChE activity (IC<sub>50</sub>, 71.2 ± 0.22 μg/mL) was observed for these biogenic-synthesized NPs. A statistical analysis revealed that Ag/Au BNPs inhibited AChE competitively, according to a Lineweaver–Burk plot, with <italic>K</italic><sub><italic>m</italic></sub> increasing from 0.019 to 0.063 (288%–1185.7%) and <italic>V</italic><sub>max</sub> remaining constant. The Ag/Au BNPs also caused an increase in <italic>K</italic><sub>Iapp</sub>, from 128 to 1184 (236%–828%), whereas they did not affect <italic>V</italic><sub>maxiapp</sub>. The <italic>K</italic><sub>m</sub>, <italic>K</italic><sub>I</sub>, and <italic>K</italic><sub>i</sub> values were also calculated to be 0.0053 mmol/L, 595.25 µg, and 80 µg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that small-size, stable, and potent Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized successfully from HE extracts that exhibited anti-AChE activity, which renders them a significant remedy for AD.</p>https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NBE.2023.9290034<italic>heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> l.silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (ag/au bnps)alzheimer’s disease (ad) |
| spellingShingle | Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq Rahmat Ali khan Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles Nano Biomedicine and Engineering <italic>heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> l. silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (ag/au bnps) alzheimer’s disease (ad) |
| title | Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of Rats: Presence of an Inhibitor of Enzymatic Activity in <italic>Heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> L. Induced Silver/Gold Allied Bimetallic Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of rats presence of an inhibitor of enzymatic activity in italic heliotropium eichwaldi italic l induced silver gold allied bimetallic nanoparticles |
| topic | <italic>heliotropium eichwaldi</italic> l. silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles (ag/au bnps) alzheimer’s disease (ad) |
| url | https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NBE.2023.9290034 |
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