Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors
Sustainable and environmentally friendly activated carbon from biomass materials is proposed to produce supercapacitors from banana peels and has the potential to replace the non-sustainable and hazardous process from either graphite or/and fossil fuels. In order to determine the potential of using...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/330 |
| _version_ | 1797619269360418816 |
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| author | Melkie Getnet Tadesse Esubalew Kasaw Jörn Felix Lübben |
| author_facet | Melkie Getnet Tadesse Esubalew Kasaw Jörn Felix Lübben |
| author_sort | Melkie Getnet Tadesse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainable and environmentally friendly activated carbon from biomass materials is proposed to produce supercapacitors from banana peels and has the potential to replace the non-sustainable and hazardous process from either graphite or/and fossil fuels. In order to determine the potential of using banana peel for supercapacitor application, raw banana peel, a bio-waste, was activated both mechanically and chemically to observe the real differences. The sample was activated at 700 °C and chemically activated using KOH. Characterization of activated banana peel was performed using FTIR, DLS, TGA and XRD analytical equipment. FTIR analysis revised the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and aromatic compounds on a banana peel cellulose-based carbon. The TGA results proved that 700 °C could be sufficient to totally carbonize banana peel. DLS clearly showed a strong difference between the carbonized and KOH-activated material in particle size distribution. Meanwhile, surface area analysis using BET displayed an increase from 553.862 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 565.024 m<sup>2</sup>/g BET in surface area (SBET) when carbon was activated using KOH with a nitrogen isotherm at 77.350 K. Specific capacitance was increased from 0.3997 Fg<sup>−1</sup> to 0.821 Fg<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting more than a 100% increase in the specific capacity due to KOH activation, as proved by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the patterns of activated carbon. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of using banana peel waste as a low-cost and sustainable material for the preparation of flexible supercapacitor batteries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8bf207a345e4dfcb8acebe3e960d14f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8bf207a345e4dfcb8acebe3e960d14f2023-11-16T22:10:44ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-01-0114233010.3390/mi14020330Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible SupercapacitorsMelkie Getnet Tadesse0Esubalew Kasaw1Jörn Felix Lübben2Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, GermanyEthiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, EthiopiaSustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, GermanySustainable and environmentally friendly activated carbon from biomass materials is proposed to produce supercapacitors from banana peels and has the potential to replace the non-sustainable and hazardous process from either graphite or/and fossil fuels. In order to determine the potential of using banana peel for supercapacitor application, raw banana peel, a bio-waste, was activated both mechanically and chemically to observe the real differences. The sample was activated at 700 °C and chemically activated using KOH. Characterization of activated banana peel was performed using FTIR, DLS, TGA and XRD analytical equipment. FTIR analysis revised the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and aromatic compounds on a banana peel cellulose-based carbon. The TGA results proved that 700 °C could be sufficient to totally carbonize banana peel. DLS clearly showed a strong difference between the carbonized and KOH-activated material in particle size distribution. Meanwhile, surface area analysis using BET displayed an increase from 553.862 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 565.024 m<sup>2</sup>/g BET in surface area (SBET) when carbon was activated using KOH with a nitrogen isotherm at 77.350 K. Specific capacitance was increased from 0.3997 Fg<sup>−1</sup> to 0.821 Fg<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting more than a 100% increase in the specific capacity due to KOH activation, as proved by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the patterns of activated carbon. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of using banana peel waste as a low-cost and sustainable material for the preparation of flexible supercapacitor batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/330activated banana peelsupercapacitorbio-wasteBET-surfaceXRDCV |
| spellingShingle | Melkie Getnet Tadesse Esubalew Kasaw Jörn Felix Lübben Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors Micromachines activated banana peel supercapacitor bio-waste BET-surface XRD CV |
| title | Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors |
| title_full | Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors |
| title_short | Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors |
| title_sort | valorization of banana peel using carbonization potential use in the sustainable manufacturing of flexible supercapacitors |
| topic | activated banana peel supercapacitor bio-waste BET-surface XRD CV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/2/330 |
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