Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection
<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>C. parvum</i>) infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. The current study assessed the role of blood biomarkers (acute-phase proteins (APPs), procalcitonin, neopterin, cytokines, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, dia...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1151 |
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| author | Wael El-Deeb Olimpia Iacob Mahmoud Fayez Ibrahim Elsohaby Abdulrahman Alhaider Hermine V. Mkrtchyan Abdelazim Ibrahim Naser Alhumam |
| author_facet | Wael El-Deeb Olimpia Iacob Mahmoud Fayez Ibrahim Elsohaby Abdulrahman Alhaider Hermine V. Mkrtchyan Abdelazim Ibrahim Naser Alhumam |
| author_sort | Wael El-Deeb |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>C. parvum</i>) infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. The current study assessed the role of blood biomarkers (acute-phase proteins (APPs), procalcitonin, neopterin, cytokines, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of calves naturally infected with <i>C. parvum</i>. Fifty-seven calves, aged from 10 to 45 days, were detected positive for <i>C. parvum</i> and were allotted into the diseased group; twenty healthy calves were selected as a control group. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, cytokines, neopterin, procalcitonin, and stress biomarkers were tested in the diseased and healthy groups. The serum levels of APPs, cytokines, neopterin, procalcitonin, and malondialdehyde increased, whereas antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in diseased calves compared to the healthy group. Moreover, all examined biomarkers were significantly altered towards normal values in infected calves following different treatment protocols. All biomarkers examined were highly effective in discriminating between <i>C. parvum</i>-infected calves and healthy individuals. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) showed that all tested parameters had a higher degree of prognostic accuracy in predicting the treatment response of calves naturally infected with <i>C. parvum</i>. Our data suggest the usefulness of the examined biomarkers in the immune pathogenesis of the <i>C. parvum</i> infection in calves, contributing to diagnosis and treatment efficacy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8d0036de0774f04bef4194c05b46f25 |
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| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8d0036de0774f04bef4194c05b46f252023-12-03T13:10:21ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-08-01128115110.3390/agriculture12081151Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> InfectionWael El-Deeb0Olimpia Iacob1Mahmoud Fayez2Ibrahim Elsohaby3Abdulrahman Alhaider4Hermine V. Mkrtchyan5Abdelazim Ibrahim6Naser Alhumam7Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaClinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 700490 Iasi, RomaniaAl Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, St Mary’s Rd, London W5 5RF, UKDepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> (<i>C. parvum</i>) infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. The current study assessed the role of blood biomarkers (acute-phase proteins (APPs), procalcitonin, neopterin, cytokines, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of calves naturally infected with <i>C. parvum</i>. Fifty-seven calves, aged from 10 to 45 days, were detected positive for <i>C. parvum</i> and were allotted into the diseased group; twenty healthy calves were selected as a control group. Serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, cytokines, neopterin, procalcitonin, and stress biomarkers were tested in the diseased and healthy groups. The serum levels of APPs, cytokines, neopterin, procalcitonin, and malondialdehyde increased, whereas antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in diseased calves compared to the healthy group. Moreover, all examined biomarkers were significantly altered towards normal values in infected calves following different treatment protocols. All biomarkers examined were highly effective in discriminating between <i>C. parvum</i>-infected calves and healthy individuals. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) showed that all tested parameters had a higher degree of prognostic accuracy in predicting the treatment response of calves naturally infected with <i>C. parvum</i>. Our data suggest the usefulness of the examined biomarkers in the immune pathogenesis of the <i>C. parvum</i> infection in calves, contributing to diagnosis and treatment efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1151procalcitoninneopterincytokines<i>Cryptosporidium</i>haptoglobinmalondialdehyde |
| spellingShingle | Wael El-Deeb Olimpia Iacob Mahmoud Fayez Ibrahim Elsohaby Abdulrahman Alhaider Hermine V. Mkrtchyan Abdelazim Ibrahim Naser Alhumam Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection Agriculture procalcitonin neopterin cytokines <i>Cryptosporidium</i> haptoglobin malondialdehyde |
| title | Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection |
| title_full | Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection |
| title_short | Assessment of the Immune Response of Clinically Infected Calves to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Infection |
| title_sort | assessment of the immune response of clinically infected calves to i cryptosporidium parvum i infection |
| topic | procalcitonin neopterin cytokines <i>Cryptosporidium</i> haptoglobin malondialdehyde |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1151 |
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