Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network
The extended range electric vehicle (EREV) can store much clean energy from the electric grid when it arrives at the charging station with lower battery energy. Consuming minimum gasoline during the trip is a common goal for most energy management controllers. To achieve these objectives, an intelli...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/11/1871 |
| _version_ | 1811299374932688896 |
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| author | Lihe Xi Xin Zhang Chuanyang Sun Zexing Wang Xiaosen Hou Jibao Zhang |
| author_facet | Lihe Xi Xin Zhang Chuanyang Sun Zexing Wang Xiaosen Hou Jibao Zhang |
| author_sort | Lihe Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The extended range electric vehicle (EREV) can store much clean energy from the electric grid when it arrives at the charging station with lower battery energy. Consuming minimum gasoline during the trip is a common goal for most energy management controllers. To achieve these objectives, an intelligent energy management controller for EREV based on dynamic programming and neural networks (IEMC_NN) is proposed. The power demand split ratio between the extender and battery are optimized by DP, and the control objectives are presented as a cost function. The online controller is trained by neural networks. Three trained controllers, constructing the controller library in IEMC_NN, are obtained from training three typical lengths of the driving cycle. To determine an appropriate NN controller for different driving distance purposes, the selection module in IEMC_NN is developed based on the remaining battery energy and the driving distance to the charging station. Three simulation conditions are adopted to validate the performance of IEMC_NN. They are target driving distance information, known and unknown, changing the destination during the trip. Simulation results using these simulation conditions show that the IEMC_NN had better fuel economy than the charging deplete/charging sustain (CD/CS) algorithm. More significantly, with known driving distance information, the battery SOC controlled by IEMC_NN can just reach the lower bound as the EREV arrives at the charging station, which was also feasible when the driver changed the destination during the trip. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:35:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8d5abe8ef804eb6a4a565c8b0a8c3f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:35:06Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8d5abe8ef804eb6a4a565c8b0a8c3f52022-12-22T02:57:57ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732017-11-011011187110.3390/en10111871en10111871Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural NetworkLihe Xi0Xin Zhang1Chuanyang Sun2Zexing Wang3Xiaosen Hou4Jibao Zhang5Beijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaBeijing Electric Vehicle Co. LTD., Beijing 102606, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Powertrain for New Energy Vehicle, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaThe extended range electric vehicle (EREV) can store much clean energy from the electric grid when it arrives at the charging station with lower battery energy. Consuming minimum gasoline during the trip is a common goal for most energy management controllers. To achieve these objectives, an intelligent energy management controller for EREV based on dynamic programming and neural networks (IEMC_NN) is proposed. The power demand split ratio between the extender and battery are optimized by DP, and the control objectives are presented as a cost function. The online controller is trained by neural networks. Three trained controllers, constructing the controller library in IEMC_NN, are obtained from training three typical lengths of the driving cycle. To determine an appropriate NN controller for different driving distance purposes, the selection module in IEMC_NN is developed based on the remaining battery energy and the driving distance to the charging station. Three simulation conditions are adopted to validate the performance of IEMC_NN. They are target driving distance information, known and unknown, changing the destination during the trip. Simulation results using these simulation conditions show that the IEMC_NN had better fuel economy than the charging deplete/charging sustain (CD/CS) algorithm. More significantly, with known driving distance information, the battery SOC controlled by IEMC_NN can just reach the lower bound as the EREV arrives at the charging station, which was also feasible when the driver changed the destination during the trip.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/11/1871energy management strategyextended range electric vehicledynamic programmingneural networkstate of charge |
| spellingShingle | Lihe Xi Xin Zhang Chuanyang Sun Zexing Wang Xiaosen Hou Jibao Zhang Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network Energies energy management strategy extended range electric vehicle dynamic programming neural network state of charge |
| title | Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network |
| title_full | Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network |
| title_fullStr | Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network |
| title_short | Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network |
| title_sort | intelligent energy management control for extended range electric vehicles based on dynamic programming and neural network |
| topic | energy management strategy extended range electric vehicle dynamic programming neural network state of charge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/11/1871 |
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