Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach
Imepitoin is a low-affinity partial agonist for benzodiazepine binding sites of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors with anxiolytic effects. It has been shown to reduce anxiety during noise-related events in dogs when given at 30 mg/kg PO BID, although this dose was associated with ataxia and increase...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/545 |
| _version_ | 1797299124918288384 |
|---|---|
| author | Ana C. Muñoz Amezcua Jennifer M. Jones Emily H. Griffith Margaret E. Gruen |
| author_facet | Ana C. Muñoz Amezcua Jennifer M. Jones Emily H. Griffith Margaret E. Gruen |
| author_sort | Ana C. Muñoz Amezcua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Imepitoin is a low-affinity partial agonist for benzodiazepine binding sites of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors with anxiolytic effects. It has been shown to reduce anxiety during noise-related events in dogs when given at 30 mg/kg PO BID, although this dose was associated with ataxia and increased appetite in some cases. The objective of this study was to assess its safety and efficacy for storm anxiety when started at 10 mg/kg PO BID and titrated to effect up to 30 mg/kg PO BID during storm season. Significant decreases in anxiety scores were seen in weekly surveys and storm logs (SLs) at 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg PO BID. Serious adverse events (AEs) were not reported in any subject. Ataxia was the most commonly reported non-serious AE (14/33), followed by increased hunger (13/33). The frequency of AEs was higher in the 20 mg/kg PO BID group than in the 10 mg/kg group PO BID. No clinically significant changes were seen in lab work pre- and post-study. In conclusion, Imepitoin given during storm season at doses ranging from 10 to 30 mg/kg PO BID reduced clinical signs of fear and anxiety during storms for the dogs in this study. These findings support the use of an individually titrated dose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:46:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8dbeb7504f34f5387fa2546d3346a89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:46:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8dbeb7504f34f5387fa2546d3346a892024-02-23T15:04:36ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-02-0114454510.3390/ani14040545Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration ApproachAna C. Muñoz Amezcua0Jennifer M. Jones1Emily H. Griffith2Margaret E. Gruen3Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USAImepitoin is a low-affinity partial agonist for benzodiazepine binding sites of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors with anxiolytic effects. It has been shown to reduce anxiety during noise-related events in dogs when given at 30 mg/kg PO BID, although this dose was associated with ataxia and increased appetite in some cases. The objective of this study was to assess its safety and efficacy for storm anxiety when started at 10 mg/kg PO BID and titrated to effect up to 30 mg/kg PO BID during storm season. Significant decreases in anxiety scores were seen in weekly surveys and storm logs (SLs) at 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg PO BID. Serious adverse events (AEs) were not reported in any subject. Ataxia was the most commonly reported non-serious AE (14/33), followed by increased hunger (13/33). The frequency of AEs was higher in the 20 mg/kg PO BID group than in the 10 mg/kg group PO BID. No clinically significant changes were seen in lab work pre- and post-study. In conclusion, Imepitoin given during storm season at doses ranging from 10 to 30 mg/kg PO BID reduced clinical signs of fear and anxiety during storms for the dogs in this study. These findings support the use of an individually titrated dose.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/545imepitoinstormanxietyanxiolyticantiepilepticnoise |
| spellingShingle | Ana C. Muñoz Amezcua Jennifer M. Jones Emily H. Griffith Margaret E. Gruen Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach Animals imepitoin storm anxiety anxiolytic antiepileptic noise |
| title | Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach |
| title_full | Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach |
| title_fullStr | Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach |
| title_short | Pilot Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Oral Imepitoin Treatment for Control of (Thunder)Storm-Associated Noise Phobia/Noise Aversion in Dogs Using an Individualized-Dose Titration Approach |
| title_sort | pilot study on the efficacy and safety of long term oral imepitoin treatment for control of thunder storm associated noise phobia noise aversion in dogs using an individualized dose titration approach |
| topic | imepitoin storm anxiety anxiolytic antiepileptic noise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/4/545 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anacmunozamezcua pilotstudyontheefficacyandsafetyoflongtermoralimepitointreatmentforcontrolofthunderstormassociatednoisephobianoiseaversionindogsusinganindividualizeddosetitrationapproach AT jennifermjones pilotstudyontheefficacyandsafetyoflongtermoralimepitointreatmentforcontrolofthunderstormassociatednoisephobianoiseaversionindogsusinganindividualizeddosetitrationapproach AT emilyhgriffith pilotstudyontheefficacyandsafetyoflongtermoralimepitointreatmentforcontrolofthunderstormassociatednoisephobianoiseaversionindogsusinganindividualizeddosetitrationapproach AT margaretegruen pilotstudyontheefficacyandsafetyoflongtermoralimepitointreatmentforcontrolofthunderstormassociatednoisephobianoiseaversionindogsusinganindividualizeddosetitrationapproach |