Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks in the following aspects: low bandwidth, high latency, variable topology, limited battery, low processing power and so on. These new features pose many challenges to the design of self-organizing...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/8/1620 |
| _version_ | 1797584218219347968 |
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| author | Weizhen Guo Min Zhu Bo Yang Yanbo Wu Xinguo Li |
| author_facet | Weizhen Guo Min Zhu Bo Yang Yanbo Wu Xinguo Li |
| author_sort | Weizhen Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks in the following aspects: low bandwidth, high latency, variable topology, limited battery, low processing power and so on. These new features pose many challenges to the design of self-organizing routing protocol for UWSNs. This paper focuses on the application of Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in UWSNs. In order to solve the problems of packet collision and excessive energy consumption associated with the flooding-based routing discovery method and the periodic hello packet routing maintenance mechanism of AODV, a routing discovery and maintenance method based on location and energy information is proposed, and it is referred to as the route-focusing AODV (RFAODV) routing protocol. In the RFAODV protocol, the routing discovery process is focused on a few nodes through forwarding area control and dynamic delay adjustment. In addition, feedback from a media access control layer and residual energy control are used for routing maintenance. We implement the RFAODV and evaluate its performance according to the sea trial data as parameters in the NS-2. The simulation results show that compared with the other protocols, RFAODV improves the routing discovery success ratio by at least 18%, increases the packet transmission ratio by at least 4%, reduces the protocol overhead by at least 15% and reduces the energy consumption by at least 5% under various simulation scenarios. RFAODV is suitable for large-scale, high-load and dynamic networks underwater wireless sensor networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8dd10d9c71f45259c64ec398123b44a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8dd10d9c71f45259c64ec398123b44a2023-11-19T01:46:43ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-08-01118162010.3390/jmse11081620Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy InformationWeizhen Guo0Min Zhu1Bo Yang2Yanbo Wu3Xinguo Li4Ocean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaOcean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaOcean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaOcean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaOcean Acoustic Technology Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaUnderwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are significantly different from terrestrial sensor networks in the following aspects: low bandwidth, high latency, variable topology, limited battery, low processing power and so on. These new features pose many challenges to the design of self-organizing routing protocol for UWSNs. This paper focuses on the application of Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in UWSNs. In order to solve the problems of packet collision and excessive energy consumption associated with the flooding-based routing discovery method and the periodic hello packet routing maintenance mechanism of AODV, a routing discovery and maintenance method based on location and energy information is proposed, and it is referred to as the route-focusing AODV (RFAODV) routing protocol. In the RFAODV protocol, the routing discovery process is focused on a few nodes through forwarding area control and dynamic delay adjustment. In addition, feedback from a media access control layer and residual energy control are used for routing maintenance. We implement the RFAODV and evaluate its performance according to the sea trial data as parameters in the NS-2. The simulation results show that compared with the other protocols, RFAODV improves the routing discovery success ratio by at least 18%, increases the packet transmission ratio by at least 4%, reduces the protocol overhead by at least 15% and reduces the energy consumption by at least 5% under various simulation scenarios. RFAODV is suitable for large-scale, high-load and dynamic networks underwater wireless sensor networks.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/8/1620AODVroute-focusingroute discoveryforwarding controlroute maintenance |
| spellingShingle | Weizhen Guo Min Zhu Bo Yang Yanbo Wu Xinguo Li Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information Journal of Marine Science and Engineering AODV route-focusing route discovery forwarding control route maintenance |
| title | Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information |
| title_full | Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information |
| title_fullStr | Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information |
| title_short | Design of a Self-Organizing Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Location and Energy Information |
| title_sort | design of a self organizing routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks based on location and energy information |
| topic | AODV route-focusing route discovery forwarding control route maintenance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/8/1620 |
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