Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor
Abstract Background Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01555-0 |
| _version_ | 1818717316212326400 |
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| author | Parth A. Patel Tae Jin Lee Sai Karthik Kodeboyina Garrett Jones Kathryn Bollinger Lane Ulrich David Bogorad Amy Estes Wenbo Zhi Shruti Sharma Ashok Sharma |
| author_facet | Parth A. Patel Tae Jin Lee Sai Karthik Kodeboyina Garrett Jones Kathryn Bollinger Lane Ulrich David Bogorad Amy Estes Wenbo Zhi Shruti Sharma Ashok Sharma |
| author_sort | Parth A. Patel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the AH’s small volume, low protein concentration, and the invasive nature of sample collection. In this study, we report the use of Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover associations between AH apolipoproteins and race, gender, and ocular structure in patients with and without primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods AH samples were collected from 231 patients undergoing phacoemulsification or glaucoma incisional surgery at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and subsequently analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) for each protein was used as a semi-quantitative measure of relative protein levels. Parameters related to ocular structure were determined using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT). These data sets were probed for relationships between apolipoprotein levels and POAG, demographics (gender and race), and ocular structure. Results A total of ten apolipoproteins were detected in the 231 collected AH samples, with six detected in 100% of the samples, one detected in almost 57% of the samples and three detected in less than 10% of the samples. The levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD were higher among POAG subjects. Stratification by gender and race revealed demographic-specific variations. The levels of five apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC3, and APOD) were higher in female POAG patients, whereas no apolipoprotein levels were altered in male POAG patients. The levels of APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, and APOD were increased in glaucomatous African American patients, whereas APOE and APOH levels were decreased in glaucomatous Caucasian patients. We also found distinct associations between apolipoprotein levels and OCT and HRT parameters in patients with and without POAG. Conclusions The intra-population variation in apolipoprotein levels highlights the heterogeneity of glaucoma as a disease, suggesting the importance of personalized treatments. Gender and race-specific alterations may be associated with higher risks of POAG in females and members of the African American population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:33:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8e1f483a0394ceeb9522aa1a6f5fd21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-511X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:33:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lipids in Health and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8e1f483a0394ceeb9522aa1a6f5fd212022-12-21T21:35:12ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2021-10-0120111010.1186/s12944-021-01555-0Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humorParth A. Patel0Tae Jin Lee1Sai Karthik Kodeboyina2Garrett Jones3Kathryn Bollinger4Lane Ulrich5David Bogorad6Amy Estes7Wenbo Zhi8Shruti Sharma9Ashok Sharma10Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta UniversityAbstract Background Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the AH’s small volume, low protein concentration, and the invasive nature of sample collection. In this study, we report the use of Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover associations between AH apolipoproteins and race, gender, and ocular structure in patients with and without primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods AH samples were collected from 231 patients undergoing phacoemulsification or glaucoma incisional surgery at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and subsequently analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) for each protein was used as a semi-quantitative measure of relative protein levels. Parameters related to ocular structure were determined using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT). These data sets were probed for relationships between apolipoprotein levels and POAG, demographics (gender and race), and ocular structure. Results A total of ten apolipoproteins were detected in the 231 collected AH samples, with six detected in 100% of the samples, one detected in almost 57% of the samples and three detected in less than 10% of the samples. The levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD were higher among POAG subjects. Stratification by gender and race revealed demographic-specific variations. The levels of five apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC3, and APOD) were higher in female POAG patients, whereas no apolipoprotein levels were altered in male POAG patients. The levels of APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, and APOD were increased in glaucomatous African American patients, whereas APOE and APOH levels were decreased in glaucomatous Caucasian patients. We also found distinct associations between apolipoprotein levels and OCT and HRT parameters in patients with and without POAG. Conclusions The intra-population variation in apolipoprotein levels highlights the heterogeneity of glaucoma as a disease, suggesting the importance of personalized treatments. Gender and race-specific alterations may be associated with higher risks of POAG in females and members of the African American population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01555-0 |
| spellingShingle | Parth A. Patel Tae Jin Lee Sai Karthik Kodeboyina Garrett Jones Kathryn Bollinger Lane Ulrich David Bogorad Amy Estes Wenbo Zhi Shruti Sharma Ashok Sharma Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor Lipids in Health and Disease |
| title | Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| title_full | Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| title_fullStr | Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| title_short | Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| title_sort | intra population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01555-0 |
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