Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Background: Mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most common pathogens responsible for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases, which are associated with poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients. Case presentation: We report the unusual case of a 44-year-old kidney transplant recipi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | IDCases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250922003031 |
| _version_ | 1797869790587518976 |
|---|---|
| author | Antoine Hamon Geoffroy Liegeon Kévin Louis Emmanuelle Cambau Nathalie De Castro |
| author_facet | Antoine Hamon Geoffroy Liegeon Kévin Louis Emmanuelle Cambau Nathalie De Castro |
| author_sort | Antoine Hamon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most common pathogens responsible for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases, which are associated with poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients. Case presentation: We report the unusual case of a 44-year-old kidney transplant recipient with multiple pulmonary nodules revealing M. xenopi pulmonary disease with atypical presentation. A three drug-regimen containing moxifloxacin, ethambutol and azithromycin was prescribed, with careful monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy. The outcome was favorable. Discussion and conclusion: Although infrequent in kidney transplant recipients, NTM can cause pulmonary infection several years after transplantation. Treatment of M. xenopi infection relies on a multidrug regimen with at least 3 antimycobacterial drugs. Drug-drug interactions between immunosuppressive treatments and rifamycins require careful dose adjustment and monitoring to avoid graft rejection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:17:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8e88680ecbe4895900c95f72811534b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-2509 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:17:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IDCases |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8e88680ecbe4895900c95f72811534b2023-03-16T05:04:27ZengElsevierIDCases2214-25092023-01-0131e01675Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature reviewAntoine Hamon0Geoffroy Liegeon1Kévin Louis2Emmanuelle Cambau3Nathalie De Castro4Infectious Diseases Department, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France; Correspondence to: Infectious Diseases Department, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, France.Infectious Diseases Department, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, FranceNephrology and Renal Transplantation Department, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, FranceAssociate Laboratory of the National Reference Center for Mycobacteria and Antimycobacterial Resistance, AP-HP Hôpital Bichat, Paris Cité University, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, FranceInfectious Diseases Department, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris Cité University, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, FranceBackground: Mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most common pathogens responsible for non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases, which are associated with poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients. Case presentation: We report the unusual case of a 44-year-old kidney transplant recipient with multiple pulmonary nodules revealing M. xenopi pulmonary disease with atypical presentation. A three drug-regimen containing moxifloxacin, ethambutol and azithromycin was prescribed, with careful monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy. The outcome was favorable. Discussion and conclusion: Although infrequent in kidney transplant recipients, NTM can cause pulmonary infection several years after transplantation. Treatment of M. xenopi infection relies on a multidrug regimen with at least 3 antimycobacterial drugs. Drug-drug interactions between immunosuppressive treatments and rifamycins require careful dose adjustment and monitoring to avoid graft rejection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250922003031Kidney transplantationMycobacterium xenopiNon-tuberculous mycobacteria |
| spellingShingle | Antoine Hamon Geoffroy Liegeon Kévin Louis Emmanuelle Cambau Nathalie De Castro Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review IDCases Kidney transplantation Mycobacterium xenopi Non-tuberculous mycobacteria |
| title | Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review |
| title_full | Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review |
| title_short | Atypical presentation of Mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review |
| title_sort | atypical presentation of mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection in a kidney transplant recipient a case report and literature review |
| topic | Kidney transplantation Mycobacterium xenopi Non-tuberculous mycobacteria |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250922003031 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antoinehamon atypicalpresentationofmycobacteriumxenopipulmonaryinfectioninakidneytransplantrecipientacasereportandliteraturereview AT geoffroyliegeon atypicalpresentationofmycobacteriumxenopipulmonaryinfectioninakidneytransplantrecipientacasereportandliteraturereview AT kevinlouis atypicalpresentationofmycobacteriumxenopipulmonaryinfectioninakidneytransplantrecipientacasereportandliteraturereview AT emmanuellecambau atypicalpresentationofmycobacteriumxenopipulmonaryinfectioninakidneytransplantrecipientacasereportandliteraturereview AT nathaliedecastro atypicalpresentationofmycobacteriumxenopipulmonaryinfectioninakidneytransplantrecipientacasereportandliteraturereview |