Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis
Abstract Background Lymphocytosis is relatively common in cats, but few studies describe lymphocyte populations or the clinical course associated with different immunophenotypic expansions. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that cats frequently develop non‐neoplastic lymphocytosis and that diffe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15650 |
| _version_ | 1818504675856482304 |
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| author | Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Kaitlin M. Curran Janna A. Yoshimoto Anne C. Avery Paul R. Avery |
| author_facet | Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Kaitlin M. Curran Janna A. Yoshimoto Anne C. Avery Paul R. Avery |
| author_sort | Emily D. Rout |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Lymphocytosis is relatively common in cats, but few studies describe lymphocyte populations or the clinical course associated with different immunophenotypic expansions. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that cats frequently develop non‐neoplastic lymphocytosis and that different neoplastic immunophenotypes have variable prognoses. We aimed to characterize the lymphocyte expansions in a large population of cats with lymphocytosis and to assess clinical presentation and outcome in a subset. Animals Three cohorts of cats older than 1 year with lymphocytosis (>6000/μL) were examined to define immunophenotypic categories (n = 146), evaluate outcome (n = 94), and determine prevalence of immunophenotypes (n = 350). Methods Retrospective study of cats with blood submitted for flow cytometry. Medical records (n = 94) were reviewed for clinical data, treatment, and survival information. Results Five major immunophenotypic categories were identified: B cell, heterogeneous (≥2 lineages expanded), CD4+ T cell, CD4−CD8− (double negative [DN]) T cell, and CD5‐low‐expressing T cell. B‐cell and heterogeneous phenotypes were more consistent with a non‐neoplastic process, having polyclonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements, younger age at presentation, lower lymphocyte counts, and prolonged survival. The neoplastic phenotypes, CD4+ T cell, DN T cell, and CD5 low T cell, had different median survival times (752 days [n = 37], 271 days [n = 7], 27.5 days [n = 12], respectively). Among CD4+ T‐cell cases, cats with abdominal lymphadenopathy, intestinal involvement, or both and females had shorter survival. Among 350 cats with lymphocytosis, CD4+ T‐cell lymphocytosis was most common, followed by heterogeneous and B‐cell phenotypes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Neoplastic CD4+ T‐cell lymphocytosis is common in cats and has a prolonged clinical course compared to aberrant T‐cell phenotypes. Cats with heterogeneous and B‐cell lymphocyte expansions commonly have non‐neoplastic disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:40:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8f1b803bb5546099b5ea06ba69d625c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:40:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8f1b803bb5546099b5ea06ba69d625c2022-12-22T01:32:32ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762020-01-0134110511610.1111/jvim.15650Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosisEmily D. Rout0Julia D. Labadie1Kaitlin M. Curran2Janna A. Yoshimoto3Anne C. Avery4Paul R. Avery5Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State University Corvallis OregonDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoAbstract Background Lymphocytosis is relatively common in cats, but few studies describe lymphocyte populations or the clinical course associated with different immunophenotypic expansions. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that cats frequently develop non‐neoplastic lymphocytosis and that different neoplastic immunophenotypes have variable prognoses. We aimed to characterize the lymphocyte expansions in a large population of cats with lymphocytosis and to assess clinical presentation and outcome in a subset. Animals Three cohorts of cats older than 1 year with lymphocytosis (>6000/μL) were examined to define immunophenotypic categories (n = 146), evaluate outcome (n = 94), and determine prevalence of immunophenotypes (n = 350). Methods Retrospective study of cats with blood submitted for flow cytometry. Medical records (n = 94) were reviewed for clinical data, treatment, and survival information. Results Five major immunophenotypic categories were identified: B cell, heterogeneous (≥2 lineages expanded), CD4+ T cell, CD4−CD8− (double negative [DN]) T cell, and CD5‐low‐expressing T cell. B‐cell and heterogeneous phenotypes were more consistent with a non‐neoplastic process, having polyclonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements, younger age at presentation, lower lymphocyte counts, and prolonged survival. The neoplastic phenotypes, CD4+ T cell, DN T cell, and CD5 low T cell, had different median survival times (752 days [n = 37], 271 days [n = 7], 27.5 days [n = 12], respectively). Among CD4+ T‐cell cases, cats with abdominal lymphadenopathy, intestinal involvement, or both and females had shorter survival. Among 350 cats with lymphocytosis, CD4+ T‐cell lymphocytosis was most common, followed by heterogeneous and B‐cell phenotypes. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Neoplastic CD4+ T‐cell lymphocytosis is common in cats and has a prolonged clinical course compared to aberrant T‐cell phenotypes. Cats with heterogeneous and B‐cell lymphocyte expansions commonly have non‐neoplastic disease.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15650clonalityfelineflow cytometryleukemiapolymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements |
| spellingShingle | Emily D. Rout Julia D. Labadie Kaitlin M. Curran Janna A. Yoshimoto Anne C. Avery Paul R. Avery Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine clonality feline flow cytometry leukemia polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements |
| title | Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| title_full | Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| title_fullStr | Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| title_short | Immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| title_sort | immunophenotypic characterization and clinical outcome in cats with lymphocytosis |
| topic | clonality feline flow cytometry leukemia polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15650 |
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