Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves
Ginkgo leaves are always resources for flavonoids pharmaceutical industry. However, the effect of the elevation and tree age changes on flavonoid biosynthesis have not been detailly explored in Ginkgo leaves. In addition, whether these environmental pressures have similar effects on the biosynthesis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00983/full |
| _version_ | 1818873832860024832 |
|---|---|
| author | Kai Zou Kai Zou Xueduan Liu Xueduan Liu Du Zhang Du Zhang Qin Yang Qin Yang Shaodong Fu Shaodong Fu Delong Meng Delong Meng Wenqi Chang Wenqi Chang Rui Li Huaqun Yin Huaqun Yin Yili Liang Yili Liang |
| author_facet | Kai Zou Kai Zou Xueduan Liu Xueduan Liu Du Zhang Du Zhang Qin Yang Qin Yang Shaodong Fu Shaodong Fu Delong Meng Delong Meng Wenqi Chang Wenqi Chang Rui Li Huaqun Yin Huaqun Yin Yili Liang Yili Liang |
| author_sort | Kai Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginkgo leaves are always resources for flavonoids pharmaceutical industry. However, the effect of the elevation and tree age changes on flavonoid biosynthesis have not been detailly explored in Ginkgo leaves. In addition, whether these environmental pressures have similar effects on the biosynthesis of other non-flavonoids polyphenolics in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is not known at present. In this research, de novo transcriptome sequencing of Ginkgo leaves was performed coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of elevation and tree age on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A total of 557,659,530 clean reads were assembled into 188,155 unigenes, of which 135,102 (71.80%) were successfully annotated in seven public databases. The putative DFRs, LARs, and ANRs were significantly up-regulated with the increase of elevation in young Ginkgo tree leaves. The relative concentration of flavonoid derivatives with high parent ion intensity was likely to imply that the elevation increase promoted the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Complex gene variations involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were observed with the tree age increase. However, flavonoid derivatives analysis predicted that the rise of tree age was more likely to be detrimental to the flavonoids manufacture. Otherwise, multiple genes implicated in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamates, lignin, and lignan exhibited fluctuations with the elevation increase. Significantly up-regulated CADs and down-regulated PRDs potentially led to the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, one of the lignin monomers, and might inhibit further lignification. Overall, the putative DFRs seemed to show more considerable variability toward these stress, and appeared to be the main regulatory point in the flavonoid biosynthesis. Light enhancement caused by elevation increase may be the main reason for flavonoids accumulation. Flavonoid biosynthesis exhibited a greater degree of perturbation than that of hydroxycinnamates, lignins and lignans, potentially suggesting that flavonoid biosynthesis might be more susceptible than other branch pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This research effectively expanded the functional genomic library and provide new insights into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:00:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8f7fe70ee704dd98981afd95c78ec17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:00:59Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8f7fe70ee704dd98981afd95c78ec172022-12-21T20:20:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2019-07-011010.3389/fpls.2019.00983452289Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo LeavesKai Zou0Kai Zou1Xueduan Liu2Xueduan Liu3Du Zhang4Du Zhang5Qin Yang6Qin Yang7Shaodong Fu8Shaodong Fu9Delong Meng10Delong Meng11Wenqi Chang12Wenqi Chang13Rui Li14Huaqun Yin15Huaqun Yin16Yili Liang17Yili Liang18School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaZhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaGinkgo leaves are always resources for flavonoids pharmaceutical industry. However, the effect of the elevation and tree age changes on flavonoid biosynthesis have not been detailly explored in Ginkgo leaves. In addition, whether these environmental pressures have similar effects on the biosynthesis of other non-flavonoids polyphenolics in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is not known at present. In this research, de novo transcriptome sequencing of Ginkgo leaves was performed coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of elevation and tree age on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A total of 557,659,530 clean reads were assembled into 188,155 unigenes, of which 135,102 (71.80%) were successfully annotated in seven public databases. The putative DFRs, LARs, and ANRs were significantly up-regulated with the increase of elevation in young Ginkgo tree leaves. The relative concentration of flavonoid derivatives with high parent ion intensity was likely to imply that the elevation increase promoted the biosynthesis of flavonoids. Complex gene variations involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were observed with the tree age increase. However, flavonoid derivatives analysis predicted that the rise of tree age was more likely to be detrimental to the flavonoids manufacture. Otherwise, multiple genes implicated in the synthesis of hydroxycinnamates, lignin, and lignan exhibited fluctuations with the elevation increase. Significantly up-regulated CADs and down-regulated PRDs potentially led to the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, one of the lignin monomers, and might inhibit further lignification. Overall, the putative DFRs seemed to show more considerable variability toward these stress, and appeared to be the main regulatory point in the flavonoid biosynthesis. Light enhancement caused by elevation increase may be the main reason for flavonoids accumulation. Flavonoid biosynthesis exhibited a greater degree of perturbation than that of hydroxycinnamates, lignins and lignans, potentially suggesting that flavonoid biosynthesis might be more susceptible than other branch pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This research effectively expanded the functional genomic library and provide new insights into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00983/fullGinkgo bilobaflavonoidnon-flavonoids polyphenolicstranscriptomeLC–MSelevation |
| spellingShingle | Kai Zou Kai Zou Xueduan Liu Xueduan Liu Du Zhang Du Zhang Qin Yang Qin Yang Shaodong Fu Shaodong Fu Delong Meng Delong Meng Wenqi Chang Wenqi Chang Rui Li Huaqun Yin Huaqun Yin Yili Liang Yili Liang Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves Frontiers in Plant Science Ginkgo biloba flavonoid non-flavonoids polyphenolics transcriptome LC–MS elevation |
| title | Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_full | Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_short | Flavonoid Biosynthesis Is Likely More Susceptible to Elevation and Tree Age Than Other Branch Pathways Involved in Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_sort | flavonoid biosynthesis is likely more susceptible to elevation and tree age than other branch pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in ginkgo leaves |
| topic | Ginkgo biloba flavonoid non-flavonoids polyphenolics transcriptome LC–MS elevation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2019.00983/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaizou flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT kaizou flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT xueduanliu flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT xueduanliu flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT duzhang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT duzhang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT qinyang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT qinyang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT shaodongfu flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT shaodongfu flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT delongmeng flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT delongmeng flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT wenqichang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT wenqichang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT ruili flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT huaqunyin flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT huaqunyin flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT yililiang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves AT yililiang flavonoidbiosynthesisislikelymoresusceptibletoelevationandtreeagethanotherbranchpathwaysinvolvedinphenylpropanoidbiosynthesisinginkgoleaves |