Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies
BackgroundInconsistent relationships have been shown between cigarette smoking and hypospadias in offspring. The purpose of this study was to summarize epidemiological evidence to evaluate the relationship between parental smoking and the risk of hypospadias.MethodsUp until October 2022, PubMed, EMB...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1003037/full |
| _version_ | 1797897109420113920 |
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| author | Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xing Liu Xing Liu Xing Liu Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei |
| author_facet | Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xing Liu Xing Liu Xing Liu Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei |
| author_sort | Zi-Han Ye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundInconsistent relationships have been shown between cigarette smoking and hypospadias in offspring. The purpose of this study was to summarize epidemiological evidence to evaluate the relationship between parental smoking and the risk of hypospadias.MethodsUp until October 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for qualified research. The summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model. There were subgroup analyses undertaken to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.Results44 studies with 16,637,830 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, maternal active smoking [risk ratio (RR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.99; P < 0.01] was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias. And neither paternal smoking (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.86–1.15) nor maternal passive smoking (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.60–1.23) was associated with the risk of hypospadias.ConclusionOur study discovered an association between maternal active smoking and a decreased risk of hypospadias, which may be due to the effect of smoking on androgen. However, as numerous studies have proved that cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of overall birth abnormalities in offspring, quitting cigarettes before pregnancy positively influences the health of offspring and should be advocated worldwide.Systematic review registration[www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022319378]. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:52:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e8fad0b70ed8479998ac94899ab9c485 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:52:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e8fad0b70ed8479998ac94899ab9c4852023-02-23T08:44:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602023-02-011110.3389/fped.2023.10030371003037Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studiesZi-Han Ye0Zi-Han Ye1Zi-Han Ye2Hong-Song Chen3Hong-Song Chen4Hong-Song Chen5Zhi-Cheng Zhang6Zhi-Cheng Zhang7Zhi-Cheng Zhang8Xiao Wang9Xiao Wang10Xiao Wang11Xing Liu12Xing Liu13Xing Liu14Guang-Hui Wei15Guang-Hui Wei16Guang-Hui Wei17Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, ChinaBackgroundInconsistent relationships have been shown between cigarette smoking and hypospadias in offspring. The purpose of this study was to summarize epidemiological evidence to evaluate the relationship between parental smoking and the risk of hypospadias.MethodsUp until October 2022, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for qualified research. The summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model. There were subgroup analyses undertaken to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.Results44 studies with 16,637,830 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, maternal active smoking [risk ratio (RR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.99; P < 0.01] was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias. And neither paternal smoking (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.86–1.15) nor maternal passive smoking (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.60–1.23) was associated with the risk of hypospadias.ConclusionOur study discovered an association between maternal active smoking and a decreased risk of hypospadias, which may be due to the effect of smoking on androgen. However, as numerous studies have proved that cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of overall birth abnormalities in offspring, quitting cigarettes before pregnancy positively influences the health of offspring and should be advocated worldwide.Systematic review registration[www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022319378].https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1003037/fullhypospadiasmaternal active smokingmaternal passive smokingpaternal smokingand meta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Zi-Han Ye Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Hong-Song Chen Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Zhi-Cheng Zhang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xiao Wang Xing Liu Xing Liu Xing Liu Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei Guang-Hui Wei Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies Frontiers in Pediatrics hypospadias maternal active smoking maternal passive smoking paternal smoking and meta-analysis |
| title | Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies |
| title_full | Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies |
| title_fullStr | Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies |
| title_short | Parental smoking and risk of hypospadias: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies |
| title_sort | parental smoking and risk of hypospadias an updated meta analysis of observational studies |
| topic | hypospadias maternal active smoking maternal passive smoking paternal smoking and meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1003037/full |
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