A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
Obesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/full |
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author | Courtney K. Brock Katherine L. Hebert Maria Artiles Maryl K. Wright Thomas Cheng Gabrielle O. Windsor Khoa Nguyen Madlin S. Alzoubi Bridgette M. Collins-Burow Elizabeth C. Martin Frank H. Lau Bruce A. Bunnell Matthew E. Burow |
author_facet | Courtney K. Brock Katherine L. Hebert Maria Artiles Maryl K. Wright Thomas Cheng Gabrielle O. Windsor Khoa Nguyen Madlin S. Alzoubi Bridgette M. Collins-Burow Elizabeth C. Martin Frank H. Lau Bruce A. Bunnell Matthew E. Burow |
author_sort | Courtney K. Brock |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Obesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlation between obesity and poor outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to examine the obesity-related alterations to the normal stroma and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adipocytes and adipose stem cells (ASCs) are major components of breast tissue stroma that have essential functions in both physiological and pathological states, including energy storage and metabolic homeostasis, physical support of breast epithelial cells, and directing inflammatory and wound healing responses through secreted factors. However, these processes can become dysregulated in both metabolic disorders, such as obesity and also in the context of breast cancer. Given the well-established obesity-neoplasia axis, it is critical to understand how interactions between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including adipocytes and ASCs, govern carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and ultimately metastasis. ASCs and adipocytes have multifactorial roles in cancer progression; however, due to the plastic nature of these cells, they also have a role in regenerative medicine, making them promising tools for tissue engineering. At the physiological level, the interactions between obesity and breast cancer have been examined; here, we will delineate the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment. We will define the current state of understanding of how adipocytes and ASCs contribute to tumor progression through their role in the tumor microenvironment and how this is altered in the context of obesity. We will also introduce recent developments in utilizing adipocytes and ASCs in novel approaches to breast reconstruction and regenerative medicine. |
first_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:08:09Z |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1664-042X |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-20T03:08:09Z |
publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | Article |
series | Frontiers in Physiology |
spelling | doaj.art-e8fcf6d623ef444a9ddaff1e467c2c8e2022-12-21T19:55:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-11-011210.3389/fphys.2021.751239751239A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative MedicineCourtney K. Brock0Katherine L. Hebert1Maria Artiles2Maryl K. Wright3Thomas Cheng4Gabrielle O. Windsor5Khoa Nguyen6Madlin S. Alzoubi7Bridgette M. Collins-Burow8Elizabeth C. Martin9Frank H. Lau10Bruce A. Bunnell11Matthew E. Burow12Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesSection of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesObesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlation between obesity and poor outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to examine the obesity-related alterations to the normal stroma and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adipocytes and adipose stem cells (ASCs) are major components of breast tissue stroma that have essential functions in both physiological and pathological states, including energy storage and metabolic homeostasis, physical support of breast epithelial cells, and directing inflammatory and wound healing responses through secreted factors. However, these processes can become dysregulated in both metabolic disorders, such as obesity and also in the context of breast cancer. Given the well-established obesity-neoplasia axis, it is critical to understand how interactions between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including adipocytes and ASCs, govern carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and ultimately metastasis. ASCs and adipocytes have multifactorial roles in cancer progression; however, due to the plastic nature of these cells, they also have a role in regenerative medicine, making them promising tools for tissue engineering. At the physiological level, the interactions between obesity and breast cancer have been examined; here, we will delineate the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment. We will define the current state of understanding of how adipocytes and ASCs contribute to tumor progression through their role in the tumor microenvironment and how this is altered in the context of obesity. We will also introduce recent developments in utilizing adipocytes and ASCs in novel approaches to breast reconstruction and regenerative medicine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/fullbreast cancertumor microenvironmentadipocyteadipose stem cellobesityregenerative medicine |
spellingShingle | Courtney K. Brock Katherine L. Hebert Maria Artiles Maryl K. Wright Thomas Cheng Gabrielle O. Windsor Khoa Nguyen Madlin S. Alzoubi Bridgette M. Collins-Burow Elizabeth C. Martin Frank H. Lau Bruce A. Bunnell Matthew E. Burow A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine Frontiers in Physiology breast cancer tumor microenvironment adipocyte adipose stem cell obesity regenerative medicine |
title | A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine |
title_full | A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine |
title_fullStr | A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine |
title_full_unstemmed | A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine |
title_short | A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine |
title_sort | role for adipocytes and adipose stem cells in the breast tumor microenvironment and regenerative medicine |
topic | breast cancer tumor microenvironment adipocyte adipose stem cell obesity regenerative medicine |
url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/full |
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