A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine

Obesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlat...

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Main Authors: Courtney K. Brock, Katherine L. Hebert, Maria Artiles, Maryl K. Wright, Thomas Cheng, Gabrielle O. Windsor, Khoa Nguyen, Madlin S. Alzoubi, Bridgette M. Collins-Burow, Elizabeth C. Martin, Frank H. Lau, Bruce A. Bunnell, Matthew E. Burow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/full
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author Courtney K. Brock
Katherine L. Hebert
Maria Artiles
Maryl K. Wright
Thomas Cheng
Gabrielle O. Windsor
Khoa Nguyen
Madlin S. Alzoubi
Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
Elizabeth C. Martin
Frank H. Lau
Bruce A. Bunnell
Matthew E. Burow
author_facet Courtney K. Brock
Katherine L. Hebert
Maria Artiles
Maryl K. Wright
Thomas Cheng
Gabrielle O. Windsor
Khoa Nguyen
Madlin S. Alzoubi
Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
Elizabeth C. Martin
Frank H. Lau
Bruce A. Bunnell
Matthew E. Burow
author_sort Courtney K. Brock
collection DOAJ
description Obesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlation between obesity and poor outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to examine the obesity-related alterations to the normal stroma and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adipocytes and adipose stem cells (ASCs) are major components of breast tissue stroma that have essential functions in both physiological and pathological states, including energy storage and metabolic homeostasis, physical support of breast epithelial cells, and directing inflammatory and wound healing responses through secreted factors. However, these processes can become dysregulated in both metabolic disorders, such as obesity and also in the context of breast cancer. Given the well-established obesity-neoplasia axis, it is critical to understand how interactions between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including adipocytes and ASCs, govern carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and ultimately metastasis. ASCs and adipocytes have multifactorial roles in cancer progression; however, due to the plastic nature of these cells, they also have a role in regenerative medicine, making them promising tools for tissue engineering. At the physiological level, the interactions between obesity and breast cancer have been examined; here, we will delineate the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment. We will define the current state of understanding of how adipocytes and ASCs contribute to tumor progression through their role in the tumor microenvironment and how this is altered in the context of obesity. We will also introduce recent developments in utilizing adipocytes and ASCs in novel approaches to breast reconstruction and regenerative medicine.
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spelling doaj.art-e8fcf6d623ef444a9ddaff1e467c2c8e2022-12-21T19:55:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-11-011210.3389/fphys.2021.751239751239A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative MedicineCourtney K. Brock0Katherine L. Hebert1Maria Artiles2Maryl K. Wright3Thomas Cheng4Gabrielle O. Windsor5Khoa Nguyen6Madlin S. Alzoubi7Bridgette M. Collins-Burow8Elizabeth C. Martin9Frank H. Lau10Bruce A. Bunnell11Matthew E. Burow12Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesSection of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesSection of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United StatesObesity rates are climbing, representing a confounding and contributing factor to many disease states, including cancer. With respect to breast cancer, obesity plays a prominent role in the etiology of this disease, with certain subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer having a strong correlation between obesity and poor outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to examine the obesity-related alterations to the normal stroma and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adipocytes and adipose stem cells (ASCs) are major components of breast tissue stroma that have essential functions in both physiological and pathological states, including energy storage and metabolic homeostasis, physical support of breast epithelial cells, and directing inflammatory and wound healing responses through secreted factors. However, these processes can become dysregulated in both metabolic disorders, such as obesity and also in the context of breast cancer. Given the well-established obesity-neoplasia axis, it is critical to understand how interactions between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including adipocytes and ASCs, govern carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis, and ultimately metastasis. ASCs and adipocytes have multifactorial roles in cancer progression; however, due to the plastic nature of these cells, they also have a role in regenerative medicine, making them promising tools for tissue engineering. At the physiological level, the interactions between obesity and breast cancer have been examined; here, we will delineate the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment. We will define the current state of understanding of how adipocytes and ASCs contribute to tumor progression through their role in the tumor microenvironment and how this is altered in the context of obesity. We will also introduce recent developments in utilizing adipocytes and ASCs in novel approaches to breast reconstruction and regenerative medicine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/fullbreast cancertumor microenvironmentadipocyteadipose stem cellobesityregenerative medicine
spellingShingle Courtney K. Brock
Katherine L. Hebert
Maria Artiles
Maryl K. Wright
Thomas Cheng
Gabrielle O. Windsor
Khoa Nguyen
Madlin S. Alzoubi
Bridgette M. Collins-Burow
Elizabeth C. Martin
Frank H. Lau
Bruce A. Bunnell
Matthew E. Burow
A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
Frontiers in Physiology
breast cancer
tumor microenvironment
adipocyte
adipose stem cell
obesity
regenerative medicine
title A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
title_full A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
title_fullStr A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
title_full_unstemmed A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
title_short A Role for Adipocytes and Adipose Stem Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment and Regenerative Medicine
title_sort role for adipocytes and adipose stem cells in the breast tumor microenvironment and regenerative medicine
topic breast cancer
tumor microenvironment
adipocyte
adipose stem cell
obesity
regenerative medicine
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.751239/full
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