Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity
The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/528 |
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| author | Amin Gasmi Mariia Shanaida Oleksandra Oleshchuk Yuliya Semenova Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya Yana Ivankiv Olena Pokryshko Sadaf Noor Salva Piscopo Stepan Adamiv Geir Bjørklund |
| author_facet | Amin Gasmi Mariia Shanaida Oleksandra Oleshchuk Yuliya Semenova Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya Yana Ivankiv Olena Pokryshko Sadaf Noor Salva Piscopo Stepan Adamiv Geir Bjørklund |
| author_sort | Amin Gasmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, as an insufficient level of immune defense leads to infections and tumors. In contrast, the excessive functioning of the immune system causes the development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Strong immunity requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, and sufficient intake of certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid) and minerals (magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Therefore, nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies lead to compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. The immune-enhancing properties of many plants and fungi are due to containing bioactive phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as innovative tools to reduce intestinal inflammation and downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources of melatonin, a multifunctional molecule with proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been discovered relatively recently. The bioactive compounds augment the immune response by directly increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many phytoconstituents prevent cell damage due to their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune-enhancing properties of some bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9099869663041eeb280cd1cb5e3fca7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:39:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9099869663041eeb280cd1cb5e3fca72023-11-17T20:50:13ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-04-0116452810.3390/ph16040528Natural Ingredients to Improve ImmunityAmin Gasmi0Mariia Shanaida1Oleksandra Oleshchuk2Yuliya Semenova3Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya4Yana Ivankiv5Olena Pokryshko6Sadaf Noor7Salva Piscopo8Stepan Adamiv9Geir Bjørklund10Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, FranceI. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineI. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineSchool of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 5/1 Kerey and Zhanibek Khandar Str., Astana 010000, KazakhstanInochi Care Private Limited, New Delhi 110017, IndiaI. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineI. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, UkraineInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, PakistanSociété Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, FranceDepartment of General Dentistry, Odessa National Medical University, 65000 Odessa, UkraineCouncil for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8610 Mo i Rana, NorwayThe immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, as an insufficient level of immune defense leads to infections and tumors. In contrast, the excessive functioning of the immune system causes the development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Strong immunity requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, and sufficient intake of certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid) and minerals (magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Therefore, nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies lead to compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. The immune-enhancing properties of many plants and fungi are due to containing bioactive phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as innovative tools to reduce intestinal inflammation and downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources of melatonin, a multifunctional molecule with proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been discovered relatively recently. The bioactive compounds augment the immune response by directly increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many phytoconstituents prevent cell damage due to their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune-enhancing properties of some bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/528natural bioactive compoundsmedicinal plantsvitaminsmineralsmelatoninpropolis |
| spellingShingle | Amin Gasmi Mariia Shanaida Oleksandra Oleshchuk Yuliya Semenova Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya Yana Ivankiv Olena Pokryshko Sadaf Noor Salva Piscopo Stepan Adamiv Geir Bjørklund Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity Pharmaceuticals natural bioactive compounds medicinal plants vitamins minerals melatonin propolis |
| title | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
| title_full | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
| title_short | Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity |
| title_sort | natural ingredients to improve immunity |
| topic | natural bioactive compounds medicinal plants vitamins minerals melatonin propolis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/528 |
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