Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches
This work aimed to compare targeted and untargeted approaches based on NMR data for the construction of classification models for Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (TBVM) and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (BVM). Their complexity in terms of composition makes the authentication of these products di...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1467 |
| _version_ | 1797607986295734272 |
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| author | Eleonora Truzzi Lucia Marchetti Danny Vincenzo Piazza Davide Bertelli |
| author_facet | Eleonora Truzzi Lucia Marchetti Danny Vincenzo Piazza Davide Bertelli |
| author_sort | Eleonora Truzzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aimed to compare targeted and untargeted approaches based on NMR data for the construction of classification models for Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (TBVM) and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (BVM). Their complexity in terms of composition makes the authentication of these products difficult, which requires the employment of several time-consuming analytical methods. Here, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy was selected as the analytical method for the analysis of TVBM and BVM due to its rapidity and efficacy in food authentication. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of old (>12 years) and extra-old (>25 years) TVBM and BVM (>60 days) and aged (>3 years) BVM were acquired, and targeted and untargeted approaches were used for building unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical modes. Targeted and untargeted approaches were based on quantitative results of peculiar compounds present in vinegar obtained through qNMR, and all spectral variables, respectively. Several classification models were employed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) demonstrated sensitivity and specificity percentages higher than 85% for both approaches. The most important discriminating variables were glucose, fructose, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The untargeted approach proved to be the most promising strategy for the construction of LDA models of authentication for TVBM and BVM due to its easier applicability, rapidity, and slightly higher predictive performance. The proposed method for authenticating TBVM and BVM could be employed by Italian producers for safeguarding their valuable products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e909d84ffc954a91ae20b8bfb36d1431 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:37:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-e909d84ffc954a91ae20b8bfb36d14312023-11-17T16:41:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-03-01127146710.3390/foods12071467Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted ApproachesEleonora Truzzi0Lucia Marchetti1Danny Vincenzo Piazza2Davide Bertelli3Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, ItalyThis work aimed to compare targeted and untargeted approaches based on NMR data for the construction of classification models for Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (TBVM) and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (BVM). Their complexity in terms of composition makes the authentication of these products difficult, which requires the employment of several time-consuming analytical methods. Here, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectroscopy was selected as the analytical method for the analysis of TVBM and BVM due to its rapidity and efficacy in food authentication. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra of old (>12 years) and extra-old (>25 years) TVBM and BVM (>60 days) and aged (>3 years) BVM were acquired, and targeted and untargeted approaches were used for building unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical modes. Targeted and untargeted approaches were based on quantitative results of peculiar compounds present in vinegar obtained through qNMR, and all spectral variables, respectively. Several classification models were employed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) demonstrated sensitivity and specificity percentages higher than 85% for both approaches. The most important discriminating variables were glucose, fructose, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The untargeted approach proved to be the most promising strategy for the construction of LDA models of authentication for TVBM and BVM due to its easier applicability, rapidity, and slightly higher predictive performance. The proposed method for authenticating TBVM and BVM could be employed by Italian producers for safeguarding their valuable products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1467qNMRlinear discriminant analysis (LDA)chemometricsTraditional Balsamic Vinegar of ModenaBalsamic Vinegar of Modenaprincipal component analysis (PCA) |
| spellingShingle | Eleonora Truzzi Lucia Marchetti Danny Vincenzo Piazza Davide Bertelli Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches Foods qNMR linear discriminant analysis (LDA) chemometrics Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena Balsamic Vinegar of Modena principal component analysis (PCA) |
| title | Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches |
| title_full | Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches |
| title_short | Multivariate Statistical Models for the Authentication of Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena and Balsamic Vinegar of Modena on <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Data: Comparison of Targeted and Untargeted Approaches |
| title_sort | multivariate statistical models for the authentication of traditional balsamic vinegar of modena and balsamic vinegar of modena on sup 1 sup h nmr data comparison of targeted and untargeted approaches |
| topic | qNMR linear discriminant analysis (LDA) chemometrics Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena Balsamic Vinegar of Modena principal component analysis (PCA) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/7/1467 |
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