Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds
To evaluate if the combined foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) in broccoli improves the efficiency of the single Zn biofortification, five treatments were tested: (i) control; (ii) one Zn application at the beginning of flowering (0.5M<sub>1</sub>); (iii) combined 0.5M<s...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/3/548 |
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| author | Angélica Rivera-Martin Dolores Reynolds-Marzal Alberto Martin Rocio Velazquez Maria J. Poblaciones |
| author_facet | Angélica Rivera-Martin Dolores Reynolds-Marzal Alberto Martin Rocio Velazquez Maria J. Poblaciones |
| author_sort | Angélica Rivera-Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To evaluate if the combined foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) in broccoli improves the efficiency of the single Zn biofortification, five treatments were tested: (i) control; (ii) one Zn application at the beginning of flowering (0.5M<sub>1</sub>); (iii) combined 0.5M<sub>1</sub> with N application (0.5M<sub>1</sub>N); (iv) two Zn applications, one at the beginning of the flowering and other after two weeks (0.25 + 0.25) and (v) combined 0.25 + 0.25 with N (0.25N + 0.25N). The Parthenon cultivar showed a good concentration of Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, with good bioavailability and glucosinolates, mainly in the florets, and high antioxidant activity and total phenols, mainly in the leaves, showing their potential not only as regards to human consumption, but also for the use of their by-products. All the studied treatments increased floret growth (19%), antioxidant capacity and total phenol content, not affecting Ca, Fe, and Mg concentrations. Glucosinolate content was mostly independent from the studied treatments, decreasing slightly in terms of glucoiberin and the Zn concentration in the florets increased in >50 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> in the split treatments and ~40 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> when the application was unique, with excellent bioavailability, measured as PA:Zn ratio. Therefore, 0.25 + 0.25 and 0.25N + 0.25N applications have been confirmed as the applications that improve more both growth and accumulation of Zn and biocompounds in broccoli. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:15:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e90bc79e8f35453c95601ad70b68c69b |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:15:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e90bc79e8f35453c95601ad70b68c69b2023-11-21T10:26:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-03-0111354810.3390/agronomy11030548Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive CompoundsAngélica Rivera-Martin0Dolores Reynolds-Marzal1Alberto Martin2Rocio Velazquez3Maria J. Poblaciones4Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, SpainDepartment of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, SpainDepartment of Animal Production and Food Science, University of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, SpainDepartment of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, SpainDepartment of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06007 Badajoz, SpainTo evaluate if the combined foliar application of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) in broccoli improves the efficiency of the single Zn biofortification, five treatments were tested: (i) control; (ii) one Zn application at the beginning of flowering (0.5M<sub>1</sub>); (iii) combined 0.5M<sub>1</sub> with N application (0.5M<sub>1</sub>N); (iv) two Zn applications, one at the beginning of the flowering and other after two weeks (0.25 + 0.25) and (v) combined 0.25 + 0.25 with N (0.25N + 0.25N). The Parthenon cultivar showed a good concentration of Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, with good bioavailability and glucosinolates, mainly in the florets, and high antioxidant activity and total phenols, mainly in the leaves, showing their potential not only as regards to human consumption, but also for the use of their by-products. All the studied treatments increased floret growth (19%), antioxidant capacity and total phenol content, not affecting Ca, Fe, and Mg concentrations. Glucosinolate content was mostly independent from the studied treatments, decreasing slightly in terms of glucoiberin and the Zn concentration in the florets increased in >50 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> in the split treatments and ~40 mg Zn kg<sup>−1</sup> when the application was unique, with excellent bioavailability, measured as PA:Zn ratio. Therefore, 0.25 + 0.25 and 0.25N + 0.25N applications have been confirmed as the applications that improve more both growth and accumulation of Zn and biocompounds in broccoli.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/3/548<i>Brassica</i>nutrient uptakezinc fertilizerglucosinolatesantioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | Angélica Rivera-Martin Dolores Reynolds-Marzal Alberto Martin Rocio Velazquez Maria J. Poblaciones Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds Agronomy <i>Brassica</i> nutrient uptake zinc fertilizer glucosinolates antioxidant capacity |
| title | Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full | Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds |
| title_short | Combined Foliar Zinc and Nitrogen Application in Broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i> L.): Effects on Growth, Nutrient Bioaccumulation, and Bioactive Compounds |
| title_sort | combined foliar zinc and nitrogen application in broccoli i brassica oleracea i var i italica i l effects on growth nutrient bioaccumulation and bioactive compounds |
| topic | <i>Brassica</i> nutrient uptake zinc fertilizer glucosinolates antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/3/548 |
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