In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of populations identified as Hypostomus strigaticeps from the upper Paraná River basin were conducted in order to test whether these different populations comprises cryptic species or structured populations and to assess their genetic...

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Main Authors: Rafael Splendore de Borba, Claudio Henrique Zawadzki, Claudio Oliveira, Anabel Perdices, Patrícia Pasquali Parise-Maltempi, Anderson Luis Alves
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia 2013-03-01
Series:Neotropical Ichthyology
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000100111
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Summary:In this study, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of populations identified as Hypostomus strigaticeps from the upper Paran&#225; River basin were conducted in order to test whether these different populations comprises cryptic species or structured populations and to assess their genetic variability. The sequences of the mitochondrial DNA ATP sintetase (subunits 6/8) of 27 specimens from 10 populations (one from Mogi-Gua&#231;u River, five from Paranapanema River, three from Tiet&#234; River and one from Peixe River) were analyzed. The phylogeographic analysis showed the existence of eight haplotypes (A-H), and despite the ancestral haplotype includes only individuals from the Tiet&#234; River basin, the distribution of H. strigaticeps was not restricted to this basin. Haplotypes A, B and F were the most frequent. Haplotypes D, E, F, G, and H were present in the sub-basin of Paranapanema, two (A and B) were present in the sub-basin of the Tiet&#234; River, one (C) was exclusively distributed in the sub-basin of the Peixe River, and one (B) was also present in the sub-basin of the Grande River. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the populations of H. strigaticeps indeed form a monophyletic unit comprising two lineages: TG, with representatives from the Tiet&#234;, Mogi-Gua&#231;u and Peixe Rivers; and PP, with specimens from the Paranapanema River. The observed degree of genetic divergence within the TG and PP lineages was 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively, whereas the genetic divergence between the two lineages themselves was approximately 1%. The results of the phylogenetic analysis do not support the hypothesis of existence of crypt species and the phylogeographic analysis confirm the presence of H. strigaticeps in other sub-basins of the upper Paran&#225; River: Grande, Peixe, and Paranapanema sub-basins.<br>Neste estudo, foram conduzidas an&#225;lises filogen&#233;ticas e filogeogr&#225;ficas de popula&#231;&#245;es identificadas como Hypostomus strigaticeps na bacia do alto rio Paran&#225; a fim de testar se essas popula&#231;&#245;es compreendem esp&#233;cies cr&#237;pticas ou popula&#231;&#245;es estruturadas e avaliar a variabilidade gen&#233;tica das mesmas. Foram analisadas sequ&#234;ncias do DNA mitocondrial ATP sintetase (subunidades 6/8) de 27 esp&#233;cimes de 10 popula&#231;&#245;es (uma do rio Mogi-Gua&#231;u, cinco do rio Paranapanema, tr&#234;s do rio Tiet&#234; e uma do rio do Peixe). A an&#225;lise filogeogr&#225;fica mostrou a exist&#234;ncia de oito hapl&#243;tipos (A-H), e apesar do hapl&#243;tipo ancestral incluir apenas indiv&#237;duos da bacia do rio Tiet&#234;, a distribui&#231;&#227;o de H. strigaticeps n&#227;o se restringe a esta bacia. Os hapl&#243;tipos A, B e F foram os mais frequentes. D, E, F, G e H est&#227;o presentes na sub-bacia do rio Paranapanema, dois (A e B) est&#227;o presentes na sub-bacia do rio Tiet&#234;, um (C) est&#225; exclusivamente distribu&#237;do na sub-bacia do rio do Peixe, e um (B) tamb&#233;m est&#225; presente na sub-bacia do rio Grande. A an&#225;lise filogen&#233;tica mostrou que as popula&#231;&#245;es de H. strigaticeps realmente formam uma unidade monofil&#233;tica que compreende duas linhagens: TG, com representantes do rio Tiet&#234;, rio Mogi-Gua&#231;u e rio do Peixe, e PP, com esp&#233;cimes do rio Paranapanema. O grau de diverg&#234;ncia gen&#233;tica observada nas linhagens de TG e PP foram de 0,1% e 0,2%, respectivamente, enquanto que a diverg&#234;ncia gen&#233;tica entre as duas linhagens foi de aproximadamente 1%. Os resultados da an&#225;lise filogen&#233;tica n&#227;o suportam a hip&#243;tese da exist&#234;ncia de esp&#233;cies cr&#237;pticas e a an&#225;lise filogeogr&#225;fica confirma a presen&#231;a de H. strigaticeps em outras sub-bacias do alto rio Paran&#225;: sub-bacias do rio Grande, rio do Peixe e rio Paranapanema.
ISSN:1679-6225
1982-0224