| Summary: | Based on the importance and sensitivity of microbial communities to changes in the forest ecosystem, soil microorganisms can be used to indicate the health of the forest system. The metagenome sequencing was used to analyze the changes of microbial communities between natural and plantation <i>Castanea henryi</i> forests for understanding the effect of forest types on soil microbial communities. Our result showed the soil microbial diversity and richness were higher in the natural forests than in the plantation. <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, and <i>Acidobacteria</i> are the dominant categories in the <i>C</i>. <i>henryi</i> rhizosphere, and <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i> were significantly enriched in the natural forest while <i>Acidobacteria</i> was significantly enriched in the plantation. Meanwhile, the functional gene diversity and the abundance of functions in the natural forest were higher than that of the plantation. Furthermore, we found that the microbial network in the natural forests had more complex than in the plantation. We also emphasized the low-abundance taxa may play an important role in the network structure. These results clearly showed that microbial communities, in response to different forest types, provide valuable information to manipulate microbiomes to improve soil conditions of plantation.
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