Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022
African swine fever (ASF) is responsible for important socio-economic effects in the global pig industry, especially for countries with large-scale piggery sectors. In January 2022, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II was identified in a wild boar population in mainland Italy (Piedmont...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/3/372 |
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| author | Monica Giammarioli Dondo Alessandro Cesare Cammà Loretta Masoero Claudia Torresi Maurilia Marcacci Simona Zoppi Valentina Curini Antonio Rinaldi Elisabetta Rossi Cristina Casciari Michela Pela Claudia Pellegrini Carmen Iscaro Francesco Feliziani |
| author_facet | Monica Giammarioli Dondo Alessandro Cesare Cammà Loretta Masoero Claudia Torresi Maurilia Marcacci Simona Zoppi Valentina Curini Antonio Rinaldi Elisabetta Rossi Cristina Casciari Michela Pela Claudia Pellegrini Carmen Iscaro Francesco Feliziani |
| author_sort | Monica Giammarioli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | African swine fever (ASF) is responsible for important socio-economic effects in the global pig industry, especially for countries with large-scale piggery sectors. In January 2022, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II was identified in a wild boar population in mainland Italy (Piedmont region). This study describes the molecular characterization, by Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS), of the first index case 632/AL/2022 and of another isolate (2802/AL/2022) reported in the same month, in close proximity to the first, following multiple ASF outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis based on the B646L gene and NGS clustered the isolates 632/AL/2022 and 2802/AL/2022 within the wide and most homogeneous p72 genotype II that includes viruses from European and Asian countries. The consensus sequence obtained from the ASFV 2802/AL/2022 isolate was 190,598 nucleotides in length and had a mean GC content of 38.38%. At the whole-genome level, ASF isolate 2802/AL/2022 showed a close genetic correlation with the other representative ASFV genotype II strains isolated between April 2007 and January 2022 from wild and domestic pigs in Eastern/Central European (EU) and Asian countries. CVR subtyping clustered the two Italian ASFV strains within the major CVR variant circulating since the first virus introduction in Georgia in 2007. Intergenic region I73R-I329L subtyping placed the Italian ASFV isolates within the variant identical to the strains frequently identified among wild boars and domestic pigs. Presently, given the high sequence similarity, it is impossible to trace the precise geographic origin of the virus at a country level. Moreover, the full-length sequences available in the NCBI are not completely representative of all affected territories. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:03:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e914c6f93b1549e6bd9d2e08055f2a03 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:03:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-e914c6f93b1549e6bd9d2e08055f2a032023-11-17T13:09:04ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-02-0112337210.3390/pathogens12030372Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022Monica Giammarioli0Dondo Alessandro1Cesare Cammà2Loretta Masoero3Claudia Torresi4Maurilia Marcacci5Simona Zoppi6Valentina Curini7Antonio Rinaldi8Elisabetta Rossi9Cristina Casciari10Michela Pela11Claudia Pellegrini12Carmen Iscaro13Francesco Feliziani14Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, ItalyAfrican swine fever (ASF) is responsible for important socio-economic effects in the global pig industry, especially for countries with large-scale piggery sectors. In January 2022, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II was identified in a wild boar population in mainland Italy (Piedmont region). This study describes the molecular characterization, by Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS), of the first index case 632/AL/2022 and of another isolate (2802/AL/2022) reported in the same month, in close proximity to the first, following multiple ASF outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis based on the B646L gene and NGS clustered the isolates 632/AL/2022 and 2802/AL/2022 within the wide and most homogeneous p72 genotype II that includes viruses from European and Asian countries. The consensus sequence obtained from the ASFV 2802/AL/2022 isolate was 190,598 nucleotides in length and had a mean GC content of 38.38%. At the whole-genome level, ASF isolate 2802/AL/2022 showed a close genetic correlation with the other representative ASFV genotype II strains isolated between April 2007 and January 2022 from wild and domestic pigs in Eastern/Central European (EU) and Asian countries. CVR subtyping clustered the two Italian ASFV strains within the major CVR variant circulating since the first virus introduction in Georgia in 2007. Intergenic region I73R-I329L subtyping placed the Italian ASFV isolates within the variant identical to the strains frequently identified among wild boars and domestic pigs. Presently, given the high sequence similarity, it is impossible to trace the precise geographic origin of the virus at a country level. Moreover, the full-length sequences available in the NCBI are not completely representative of all affected territories.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/3/372African swine fever virus (ASFV)genotype IIASF outbreakmainland Italywild boar populationnext-generation sequencing (NGS) |
| spellingShingle | Monica Giammarioli Dondo Alessandro Cesare Cammà Loretta Masoero Claudia Torresi Maurilia Marcacci Simona Zoppi Valentina Curini Antonio Rinaldi Elisabetta Rossi Cristina Casciari Michela Pela Claudia Pellegrini Carmen Iscaro Francesco Feliziani Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 Pathogens African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II ASF outbreak mainland Italy wild boar population next-generation sequencing (NGS) |
| title | Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 |
| title_full | Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 |
| title_short | Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022 |
| title_sort | molecular characterization of the first african swine fever virus genotype ii strains identified from mainland italy 2022 |
| topic | African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II ASF outbreak mainland Italy wild boar population next-generation sequencing (NGS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/3/372 |
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