Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review
Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3316 |
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| author | Carlos Sainz-Urruela Soledad Vera-López María Paz San Andrés Ana M. Díez-Pascual |
| author_facet | Carlos Sainz-Urruela Soledad Vera-López María Paz San Andrés Ana M. Díez-Pascual |
| author_sort | Carlos Sainz-Urruela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:57:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9171539fba04726ac6cff021abfc3ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:57:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9171539fba04726ac6cff021abfc3ed2023-11-21T11:49:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01227331610.3390/ijms22073316Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A ReviewCarlos Sainz-Urruela0Soledad Vera-López1María Paz San Andrés2Ana M. Díez-Pascual3Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3316bioactive compoundgraphenegraphene oxidemelatoningallic acidtannic acid |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Sainz-Urruela Soledad Vera-López María Paz San Andrés Ana M. Díez-Pascual Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences bioactive compound graphene graphene oxide melatonin gallic acid tannic acid |
| title | Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review |
| title_full | Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review |
| title_short | Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review |
| title_sort | graphene based sensors for the detection of bioactive compounds a review |
| topic | bioactive compound graphene graphene oxide melatonin gallic acid tannic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/7/3316 |
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