Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species
Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to &...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 |
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| author | Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Grzegorz Koczyk Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień |
| author_facet | Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Grzegorz Koczyk Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień |
| author_sort | Monika Urbaniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Beauveria</i> and <i>Isaria</i> genera. The ability of <i>Trichoderma</i> species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> strains using UPLC methods. <i>BEAS</i> fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i>BEAS</i> copy in <i>Trichoderma</i>. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i>F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. nygamai</i>. <i>Trichoderma</i> strains of three species (<i>T. atroviride</i>, <i>T. viride</i>, <i>T. koningiopsis</i>) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i>Hypocreales</i> order. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:51:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b92123232023-11-20T21:01:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-11-016428810.3390/jof6040288Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> SpeciesMonika Urbaniak0Agnieszka Waśkiewicz1Grzegorz Koczyk2Lidia Błaszczyk3Łukasz Stępień4Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, PolandFunctional Evolution of Biological Systems Team, Department of Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, PolandPlant Microbiome Structure and Function Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, PolandPlant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, PolandBeauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Beauveria</i> and <i>Isaria</i> genera. The ability of <i>Trichoderma</i> species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> strains using UPLC methods. <i>BEAS</i> fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i>BEAS</i> copy in <i>Trichoderma</i>. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i>F. proliferatum</i> and <i>F. nygamai</i>. <i>Trichoderma</i> strains of three species (<i>T. atroviride</i>, <i>T. viride</i>, <i>T. koningiopsis</i>) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i>Hypocreales</i> order.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288<i>Trichoderma</i><i>Fusarium</i>cyclodepsipeptidesbeauvericin |
| spellingShingle | Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Grzegorz Koczyk Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species Journal of Fungi <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>Fusarium</i> cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin |
| title | Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species |
| title_full | Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species |
| title_short | Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> Species |
| title_sort | divergence of beauvericin synthase gene among i fusarium i and i trichoderma i species |
| topic | <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>Fusarium</i> cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 |
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