Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
In the Lower Amazon mesoregion, there are basically three types of production systems: the traditional (without shade and no bathing area), the silvopastoral (with shade and no bathing area), and the integrated (with shade and bathing area). It is considered that the type of production system influe...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| author | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Antônio Vinicius Correa Barbosa Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho Maria Roseane Pereira dos Santos Kedson Alexandri Lobo Neves Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_facet | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Antônio Vinicius Correa Barbosa Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho Maria Roseane Pereira dos Santos Kedson Alexandri Lobo Neves Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior |
| author_sort | Welligton Conceição da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the Lower Amazon mesoregion, there are basically three types of production systems: the traditional (without shade and no bathing area), the silvopastoral (with shade and no bathing area), and the integrated (with shade and bathing area). It is considered that the type of production system influences the thermal comfort and productivity of cattle, so this research aims to evaluate the influence of these three types of production systems on the thermoregulation of Nellore cattle. The experiment was carried out on a rural property for raising cattle, located in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period (June/July). Thirty bovine males (not castrated, aged between 18 and 20 months, average weight of 250 ± 36 kg, body condition score of 3.5, clinically healthy) were randomly divided into three groups: Silvopastoral System—SS (<i>n</i> = 10), Traditional System—TS (<i>n</i> = 10), and Integrated System—IS (<i>n</i> = 10). Climate variables were collected (air temperature (AT °C), relative humidity (RH %), wind speed (WS, m/s), solar radiation (SR), black globe temperature (BGT °C), and physiological parameters, such as respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT)) at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., and 12 a.m. to determine the thermal comfort situation of the animals. Thermographic images of the environment and animals were captured in order to obtain the body surface temperature (BST) through infrared thermography. The Benezra Thermal Comfort Index (BTCI), Environmental Stress Index (ESI), Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI), and Iberian Heat Tolerance Index (Iberian HTI) were used. The results showed that the silvopastoral system, with shading by chestnut trees and an ample vegetative area, presented better thermal conditions, with an average of 28.98 °C, in comparison with the traditional system (35.93 °C) and the integrated one (34.11 °C). It was observed that the body surface temperature of cattle did not differ significantly between the anatomical regions of the body and the studied systems (<i>p</i> > 0.05). As for the respiratory rate, the traditional system registered higher values, with an average of 41 movements per minute, indicating possible thermal stress (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The thermal comfort indices revealed that all systems presented moderate stress conditions during times of higher solar intensity. It is concluded that the silvopastoral system proved to be more favorable for cattle, providing shade and reducing thermal stress, which may have a positive impact on animal welfare and productivity in this region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:29:12Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e928958667f740b39ee9dd03c6d7d0722023-11-19T07:46:41ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-08-011317273510.3390/ani13172735Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, BrazilWelligton Conceição da Silva0Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva1Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva2Antônio Vinicius Correa Barbosa3Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa4Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho5Maria Roseane Pereira dos Santos6Kedson Alexandri Lobo Neves7Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano8Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior9José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior10Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilInstitute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilCyberspace Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belem 66077-830, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, BrazilDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Amazon (UNAMA), Santarem 68010-200, BrazilInstitute of Engineering and Geosciences, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, BrazilInstitute of Animal Science, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarem 68040-255, BrazilEmbrapa Eastern Amazon, Santarem 68010-180, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal 68746-360, BrazilIn the Lower Amazon mesoregion, there are basically three types of production systems: the traditional (without shade and no bathing area), the silvopastoral (with shade and no bathing area), and the integrated (with shade and bathing area). It is considered that the type of production system influences the thermal comfort and productivity of cattle, so this research aims to evaluate the influence of these three types of production systems on the thermoregulation of Nellore cattle. The experiment was carried out on a rural property for raising cattle, located in Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, during the transition period (June/July). Thirty bovine males (not castrated, aged between 18 and 20 months, average weight of 250 ± 36 kg, body condition score of 3.5, clinically healthy) were randomly divided into three groups: Silvopastoral System—SS (<i>n</i> = 10), Traditional System—TS (<i>n</i> = 10), and Integrated System—IS (<i>n</i> = 10). Climate variables were collected (air temperature (AT °C), relative humidity (RH %), wind speed (WS, m/s), solar radiation (SR), black globe temperature (BGT °C), and physiological parameters, such as respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT)) at 6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., and 12 a.m. to determine the thermal comfort situation of the animals. Thermographic images of the environment and animals were captured in order to obtain the body surface temperature (BST) through infrared thermography. The Benezra Thermal Comfort Index (BTCI), Environmental Stress Index (ESI), Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI), and Iberian Heat Tolerance Index (Iberian HTI) were used. The results showed that the silvopastoral system, with shading by chestnut trees and an ample vegetative area, presented better thermal conditions, with an average of 28.98 °C, in comparison with the traditional system (35.93 °C) and the integrated one (34.11 °C). It was observed that the body surface temperature of cattle did not differ significantly between the anatomical regions of the body and the studied systems (<i>p</i> > 0.05). As for the respiratory rate, the traditional system registered higher values, with an average of 41 movements per minute, indicating possible thermal stress (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The thermal comfort indices revealed that all systems presented moderate stress conditions during times of higher solar intensity. It is concluded that the silvopastoral system proved to be more favorable for cattle, providing shade and reducing thermal stress, which may have a positive impact on animal welfare and productivity in this region.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/17/2735heatambient climatethermal stressthermoregulation |
| spellingShingle | Welligton Conceição da Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da Silva Antônio Vinicius Correa Barbosa Carlos Eduardo Lima Sousa Katarina Cardoso de Carvalho Maria Roseane Pereira dos Santos Kedson Alexandri Lobo Neves Lucieta Guerreiro Martorano Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil Animals heat ambient climate thermal stress thermoregulation |
| title | Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil |
| title_full | Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil |
| title_short | Characterization of Thermal Patterns Using Infrared Thermography and Thermolytic Responses of Cattle Reared in Three Different Systems during the Transition Period in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil |
| title_sort | characterization of thermal patterns using infrared thermography and thermolytic responses of cattle reared in three different systems during the transition period in the eastern amazon brazil |
| topic | heat ambient climate thermal stress thermoregulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/17/2735 |
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