Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation.
The ability of tendons to glide smoothly during muscle contraction is impaired after injury by fibrous adhesions that form between the damaged tendon surface and surrounding tissues. To understand how adhesions form we incubated excised tendons in fibrin gels (to mimic the homeostatic environment at...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3027644?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1828865956739284992 |
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| author | Susan H Taylor Sarah Al-Youha Tom Van Agtmael Yinhui Lu Jason Wong Duncan A McGrouther Karl E Kadler |
| author_facet | Susan H Taylor Sarah Al-Youha Tom Van Agtmael Yinhui Lu Jason Wong Duncan A McGrouther Karl E Kadler |
| author_sort | Susan H Taylor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ability of tendons to glide smoothly during muscle contraction is impaired after injury by fibrous adhesions that form between the damaged tendon surface and surrounding tissues. To understand how adhesions form we incubated excised tendons in fibrin gels (to mimic the homeostatic environment at the injury site) and assessed cell migration. We noticed cells exiting the tendon from only the cut ends. Furthermore, treatment of the tendon with trypsin resulted in cell extravagation from the shaft of the tendons. Electron microscopy and immunolocalisation studies showed that the tendons are covered by a novel cell layer in which a collagen type IV/laminin basement membrane (BM) overlies a keratinised epithelium. PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the expression of laminin β1 in surface cells, only. To evaluate the cell retentive properties of the BM in vivo we examined the tendons of the Col4a1(+/Svc) mouse that is heterozygous for a G-to-A transition in the Col4a1 gene that produces a G1064D substitution in the α1(IV) chain of collagen IV. The flexor tendons had a discontinuous BM, developed fibrous adhesions with overlying tissues, and were acellular at sites of adhesion formation. In further experiments, tenotomy of wild-type mice resulted in expression of laminin throughout the adhesion. In conclusion, we show the existence of a novel tendon BM-epithelium that is required to prevent adhesion formation. The Col4a1(+/Svc) mouse is an effective animal model for studying adhesion formation because of the presence of a structurally-defective collagen type IV-containing BM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:40:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e929614ef72b4677b4023ee8a18b7f85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:40:16Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-e929614ef72b4677b4023ee8a18b7f852022-12-21T23:59:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-0161e1633710.1371/journal.pone.0016337Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation.Susan H TaylorSarah Al-YouhaTom Van AgtmaelYinhui LuJason WongDuncan A McGroutherKarl E KadlerThe ability of tendons to glide smoothly during muscle contraction is impaired after injury by fibrous adhesions that form between the damaged tendon surface and surrounding tissues. To understand how adhesions form we incubated excised tendons in fibrin gels (to mimic the homeostatic environment at the injury site) and assessed cell migration. We noticed cells exiting the tendon from only the cut ends. Furthermore, treatment of the tendon with trypsin resulted in cell extravagation from the shaft of the tendons. Electron microscopy and immunolocalisation studies showed that the tendons are covered by a novel cell layer in which a collagen type IV/laminin basement membrane (BM) overlies a keratinised epithelium. PCR and western blot analyses confirmed the expression of laminin β1 in surface cells, only. To evaluate the cell retentive properties of the BM in vivo we examined the tendons of the Col4a1(+/Svc) mouse that is heterozygous for a G-to-A transition in the Col4a1 gene that produces a G1064D substitution in the α1(IV) chain of collagen IV. The flexor tendons had a discontinuous BM, developed fibrous adhesions with overlying tissues, and were acellular at sites of adhesion formation. In further experiments, tenotomy of wild-type mice resulted in expression of laminin throughout the adhesion. In conclusion, we show the existence of a novel tendon BM-epithelium that is required to prevent adhesion formation. The Col4a1(+/Svc) mouse is an effective animal model for studying adhesion formation because of the presence of a structurally-defective collagen type IV-containing BM.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3027644?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Susan H Taylor Sarah Al-Youha Tom Van Agtmael Yinhui Lu Jason Wong Duncan A McGrouther Karl E Kadler Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. PLoS ONE |
| title | Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. |
| title_full | Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. |
| title_fullStr | Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. |
| title_short | Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation. |
| title_sort | tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3027644?pdf=render |
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