Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1 |
| _version_ | 1827635217872977920 |
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| author | Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir Lidawani Lambuk Rohimah Mohamud Nur Hidayah Reshidan Evon Low Saiful Anuar Singar Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere Igor Iezhitsa Renu Agarwal |
| author_facet | Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir Lidawani Lambuk Rohimah Mohamud Nur Hidayah Reshidan Evon Low Saiful Anuar Singar Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere Igor Iezhitsa Renu Agarwal |
| author_sort | Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:23:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e92e654b31fd4f1191eab6b28b7093a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:23:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e92e654b31fd4f1191eab6b28b7093a02023-11-26T12:40:18ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152023-10-0123111410.1186/s12886-023-03155-1Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental modelsMuhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan0Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir1Lidawani Lambuk2Rohimah Mohamud3Nur Hidayah Reshidan4Evon Low5Saiful Anuar Singar6Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere7Igor Iezhitsa8Renu Agarwal9Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM)Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARADepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaDepartment of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains MalaysiaSchool of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARAAgeing Biology Centre, Newcastle UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State UniversityKulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University MalaysiaSchool of Medicine, International Medical UniversitySchool of Medicine, International Medical UniversityAbstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1Diabetic retinopathyExperimental modelsIn vitroIn vivoEx vivo |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir Lidawani Lambuk Rohimah Mohamud Nur Hidayah Reshidan Evon Low Saiful Anuar Singar Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere Igor Iezhitsa Renu Agarwal Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models BMC Ophthalmology Diabetic retinopathy Experimental models In vitro In vivo Ex vivo |
| title | Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| title_full | Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| title_fullStr | Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| title_short | Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| title_sort | diabetic retinopathy a comprehensive update on in vivo in vitro and ex vivo experimental models |
| topic | Diabetic retinopathy Experimental models In vitro In vivo Ex vivo |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1 |
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