Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya.
<h4>Introduction</h4>Following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination became the main strategy against disease severity and even death. Healthcare workers were considered high-risk for infection...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299302&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1797214656566132736 |
|---|---|
| author | Lucy W Mwangi Geoffrey Omuse Rodney Adam George Ong'ete Cyrus Matheka Patrick Mugaine Shahin Sayed Daniel Maina |
| author_facet | Lucy W Mwangi Geoffrey Omuse Rodney Adam George Ong'ete Cyrus Matheka Patrick Mugaine Shahin Sayed Daniel Maina |
| author_sort | Lucy W Mwangi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4>Following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination became the main strategy against disease severity and even death. Healthcare workers were considered high-risk for infection and, thus, were prioritised for vaccination.<h4>Methods</h4>A follow-up to a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study among clinical and non-clinical HCWs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, we assessed how vaccination influenced SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses and kinetics. Blood samples were drawn at two points spanning 6 to 18 months post-vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<h4>Results</h4>Almost all participants, 98% (961/981), received a second vaccine dose, and only 8.5% (83/981) received a third dose. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies were detected in 100% (961/961) and 92.7% (707/762) of participants who received two vaccine doses, with the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively, and in 100% (83/83) and 91.4% (64/70) of those who received three vaccine doses at the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively. Seventy-six participants developed mild infections, not requiring hospitalisation even after receiving primary vaccination. Receiving three vaccine doses influenced the anti-spike S/Co at both the first (p<0.001) and second post-vaccination testing (p<0.001). Of those who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive, the anti-spike S/Co ratio was significantly higher than those who were seronegative at the first post-vaccine test (p = 0.001). Side effects were reported by almost half of those who received the first dose, 47.3% (464/981), 28.9% (278/961) and 25.3% (21/83) of those who received the second and third vaccine doses, respectively.<h4>Discussion and conclusion</h4>Following the second dose of primary vaccination, all participants had detectable anti-spike antibodies. The observed mild breakthrough infections may have been due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings suggest that although protective antibodies are induced, vaccination protected against COVID-19 disease severity and not necessarily infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:17:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9324676dfb146508ccec6d6a89aeb27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:17:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9324676dfb146508ccec6d6a89aeb272024-04-11T05:32:10ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01194e029930210.1371/journal.pone.0299302Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya.Lucy W MwangiGeoffrey OmuseRodney AdamGeorge Ong'eteCyrus MathekaPatrick MugaineShahin SayedDaniel Maina<h4>Introduction</h4>Following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination became the main strategy against disease severity and even death. Healthcare workers were considered high-risk for infection and, thus, were prioritised for vaccination.<h4>Methods</h4>A follow-up to a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study among clinical and non-clinical HCWs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, we assessed how vaccination influenced SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses and kinetics. Blood samples were drawn at two points spanning 6 to 18 months post-vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<h4>Results</h4>Almost all participants, 98% (961/981), received a second vaccine dose, and only 8.5% (83/981) received a third dose. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies were detected in 100% (961/961) and 92.7% (707/762) of participants who received two vaccine doses, with the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively, and in 100% (83/83) and 91.4% (64/70) of those who received three vaccine doses at the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively. Seventy-six participants developed mild infections, not requiring hospitalisation even after receiving primary vaccination. Receiving three vaccine doses influenced the anti-spike S/Co at both the first (p<0.001) and second post-vaccination testing (p<0.001). Of those who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive, the anti-spike S/Co ratio was significantly higher than those who were seronegative at the first post-vaccine test (p = 0.001). Side effects were reported by almost half of those who received the first dose, 47.3% (464/981), 28.9% (278/961) and 25.3% (21/83) of those who received the second and third vaccine doses, respectively.<h4>Discussion and conclusion</h4>Following the second dose of primary vaccination, all participants had detectable anti-spike antibodies. The observed mild breakthrough infections may have been due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings suggest that although protective antibodies are induced, vaccination protected against COVID-19 disease severity and not necessarily infection.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299302&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Lucy W Mwangi Geoffrey Omuse Rodney Adam George Ong'ete Cyrus Matheka Patrick Mugaine Shahin Sayed Daniel Maina Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. PLoS ONE |
| title | Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. |
| title_full | Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. |
| title_fullStr | Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. |
| title_short | Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. |
| title_sort | post vaccination sars cov 2 igg spike antibody responses among clinical and non clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in kenya |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299302&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucywmwangi postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT geoffreyomuse postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT rodneyadam postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT georgeongete postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT cyrusmatheka postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT patrickmugaine postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT shahinsayed postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya AT danielmaina postvaccinationsarscov2iggspikeantibodyresponsesamongclinicalandnonclinicalhealthcareworkersatatertiaryfacilityinkenya |