Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland)
The lower Vistula River was regulated in the years 1856–1878, at a distance of 718–939 km. The regulation plan did not take into consideration the large transport of the bed load. The channel was shaped using simplified geometry—too wide for the low flow and overly straight for the stabilization of...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1505 |
| _version_ | 1797412201564209152 |
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| author | Klaudia Kryniecka Artur Magnuszewski |
| author_facet | Klaudia Kryniecka Artur Magnuszewski |
| author_sort | Klaudia Kryniecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The lower Vistula River was regulated in the years 1856–1878, at a distance of 718–939 km. The regulation plan did not take into consideration the large transport of the bed load. The channel was shaped using simplified geometry—too wide for the low flow and overly straight for the stabilization of the sandbar movement. The hydraulic parameters of the lower Vistula River show high velocities of flow and high shear stress. The movement of the alternate sandbars can be traced on the optical satellite images of Sentinel-2. In this study, a method of sandbar detection through the remote sensing indices, Sentinel Water Mask (SWM) and Automated Water Extraction Index no shadow (AWEInsh), and the manual delineation with visual interpretation (MD) was used on satellite images of the lower Vistula River, recorded at the time of low flows (20 August 2015, 4 September 2016, 30 July 2017, 20 September 2018, and 29 August 2019). The comparison of 32 alternate sandbar areas obtained by SWM, AWEInsh, and MD manual delineation methods on the Sentinel-2 images, recorded on 20 August 2015, was performed by the statistical analysis of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The distance of the shift in the analyzed time intervals between the image registration dates depends on the value of the mean discharge (MQ). The period from 30 July 2017 to 20 September 2018 was wet (MQ = 1140 m<sup>3</sup> × s<sup>−1</sup>) and created conditions for the largest average distance of the alternate sandbar shift, from 509 to 548 m. The velocity of movement, calculated as an average shift for one day, was between 1.2 and 1.3 m × day<sup>−1</sup>. The smallest shift of alternate sandbars was characteristic of the low flow period from 20 August 2015 to 4 September 2016 (MQ = 306 m<sup>3</sup> × s<sup>−1</sup>), from 279 to 310 m, with an average velocity from 0.7 to 0.8 m × day<sup>−1</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e9438a44b5754e71819d5f3f50fc3423 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:58:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e9438a44b5754e71819d5f3f50fc34232023-12-03T13:03:32ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-04-01138150510.3390/rs13081505Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland)Klaudia Kryniecka0Artur Magnuszewski1Hydrology Department, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandHydrology Department, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandThe lower Vistula River was regulated in the years 1856–1878, at a distance of 718–939 km. The regulation plan did not take into consideration the large transport of the bed load. The channel was shaped using simplified geometry—too wide for the low flow and overly straight for the stabilization of the sandbar movement. The hydraulic parameters of the lower Vistula River show high velocities of flow and high shear stress. The movement of the alternate sandbars can be traced on the optical satellite images of Sentinel-2. In this study, a method of sandbar detection through the remote sensing indices, Sentinel Water Mask (SWM) and Automated Water Extraction Index no shadow (AWEInsh), and the manual delineation with visual interpretation (MD) was used on satellite images of the lower Vistula River, recorded at the time of low flows (20 August 2015, 4 September 2016, 30 July 2017, 20 September 2018, and 29 August 2019). The comparison of 32 alternate sandbar areas obtained by SWM, AWEInsh, and MD manual delineation methods on the Sentinel-2 images, recorded on 20 August 2015, was performed by the statistical analysis of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The distance of the shift in the analyzed time intervals between the image registration dates depends on the value of the mean discharge (MQ). The period from 30 July 2017 to 20 September 2018 was wet (MQ = 1140 m<sup>3</sup> × s<sup>−1</sup>) and created conditions for the largest average distance of the alternate sandbar shift, from 509 to 548 m. The velocity of movement, calculated as an average shift for one day, was between 1.2 and 1.3 m × day<sup>−1</sup>. The smallest shift of alternate sandbars was characteristic of the low flow period from 20 August 2015 to 4 September 2016 (MQ = 306 m<sup>3</sup> × s<sup>−1</sup>), from 279 to 310 m, with an average velocity from 0.7 to 0.8 m × day<sup>−1</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1505Vistula Riverbed loadalternate sandbarssentinel water maskautomated water extraction index no shadow |
| spellingShingle | Klaudia Kryniecka Artur Magnuszewski Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) Remote Sensing Vistula River bed load alternate sandbars sentinel water mask automated water extraction index no shadow |
| title | Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) |
| title_full | Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) |
| title_fullStr | Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) |
| title_short | Application of Satellite Sentinel-2 Images to Study Alternate Sandbars Movement at Lower Vistula River (Poland) |
| title_sort | application of satellite sentinel 2 images to study alternate sandbars movement at lower vistula river poland |
| topic | Vistula River bed load alternate sandbars sentinel water mask automated water extraction index no shadow |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/8/1505 |
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