Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves
Ice density is an important physical parameter affecting the mechanical properties of ice. Due to bad field environments, the traditional density measurement method cannot achieve continuous monitoring of ice density. Therefore, the authors of this paper propose a new idea: to use the acoustic chara...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4065 |
| _version_ | 1797399528459993088 |
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| author | Xiaomin Chang Ming Xue Pandeng Li Qingkai Wang Guangyu Zuo |
| author_facet | Xiaomin Chang Ming Xue Pandeng Li Qingkai Wang Guangyu Zuo |
| author_sort | Xiaomin Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ice density is an important physical parameter affecting the mechanical properties of ice. Due to bad field environments, the traditional density measurement method cannot achieve continuous monitoring of ice density. Therefore, the authors of this paper propose a new idea: to use the acoustic characteristics of ice to obtain ice density. The acoustic and physical properties of artificially frozen ice samples, with salinity values in the range of 0~8.5‰, were tested using a nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing system to explore the relationships among ice density, sound velocity, temperature, and salinity when the temperatures of the ice samples rose from −30 °C to −5 °C. The test results show that the freshwater ice density decreases from 915.5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 911.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup> when the ice temperature rises from −30 °C to −5 °C. The density of saltwater ice varies from 899.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 912.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. When the salinity remains the same, the density of an ice sample decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with an increase in sound velocity. When the ice temperature remains the same, the density of saltwater ice increases with an increase in salinity and decreases with an increase in sound velocity. Based on the test results, a prediction model of ice density with respect to sound velocity, temperature, and salinity is established. The root mean square error between the predicted values of the model and the measured values is 0.337 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, indicating that the prediction accuracy is high. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:41:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e968ab1f587f4fb5845f167bfa013fa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:41:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e968ab1f587f4fb5845f167bfa013fa72023-12-08T15:28:18ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-11-011523406510.3390/w15234065Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic WavesXiaomin Chang0Ming Xue1Pandeng Li2Qingkai Wang3Guangyu Zuo4College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaCollege of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaCollege of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaCollege of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaIce density is an important physical parameter affecting the mechanical properties of ice. Due to bad field environments, the traditional density measurement method cannot achieve continuous monitoring of ice density. Therefore, the authors of this paper propose a new idea: to use the acoustic characteristics of ice to obtain ice density. The acoustic and physical properties of artificially frozen ice samples, with salinity values in the range of 0~8.5‰, were tested using a nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing system to explore the relationships among ice density, sound velocity, temperature, and salinity when the temperatures of the ice samples rose from −30 °C to −5 °C. The test results show that the freshwater ice density decreases from 915.5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 911.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup> when the ice temperature rises from −30 °C to −5 °C. The density of saltwater ice varies from 899.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 912.9 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. When the salinity remains the same, the density of an ice sample decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with an increase in sound velocity. When the ice temperature remains the same, the density of saltwater ice increases with an increase in salinity and decreases with an increase in sound velocity. Based on the test results, a prediction model of ice density with respect to sound velocity, temperature, and salinity is established. The root mean square error between the predicted values of the model and the measured values is 0.337 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, indicating that the prediction accuracy is high.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4065ice densityacoustic propertiesultrasonic testingpredictive modelinversion method |
| spellingShingle | Xiaomin Chang Ming Xue Pandeng Li Qingkai Wang Guangyu Zuo Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves Water ice density acoustic properties ultrasonic testing predictive model inversion method |
| title | Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves |
| title_full | Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves |
| title_short | Experimental Research on Ice Density Measurement Method Based on Ultrasonic Waves |
| title_sort | experimental research on ice density measurement method based on ultrasonic waves |
| topic | ice density acoustic properties ultrasonic testing predictive model inversion method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4065 |
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