<i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i>
Glycoalkaloids, secondary metabolites abundant in plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, may affect the physiology of insect pests. This paper presents original results dealing with the influence of a crude extract obtained from <i>Solanum nigrum</i> unripe berries and its main const...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/617 |
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| author | Marta Spochacz Szymon Chowański Monika Szymczak-Cendlak Paweł Marciniak Filomena Lelario Rosanna Salvia Marisa Nardiello Carmen Scieuzo Laura Scrano Sabino A. Bufo Zbigniew Adamski Patrizia Falabella |
| author_facet | Marta Spochacz Szymon Chowański Monika Szymczak-Cendlak Paweł Marciniak Filomena Lelario Rosanna Salvia Marisa Nardiello Carmen Scieuzo Laura Scrano Sabino A. Bufo Zbigniew Adamski Patrizia Falabella |
| author_sort | Marta Spochacz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glycoalkaloids, secondary metabolites abundant in plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, may affect the physiology of insect pests. This paper presents original results dealing with the influence of a crude extract obtained from <i>Solanum nigrum</i> unripe berries and its main constituent, solasonine, on the physiology of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> (Lepidoptera) that can be used as an alternative bioinsecticide. <i>G. mellonella</i> IV instar larvae were treated with <i>S. nigrum</i> extract and solasonine at different concentrations. The effects of extract and solasonine were evaluated analyzing changes in carbohydrate and amino acid composition in hemolymph by RP-HPLC and in the ultrastructure of the fat body cells by TEM. Both extract and solasonine changed the level of hemolymph metabolites and the ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut cells. In particular, the extract increased the erythritol level in the hemolymph compared to control, enlarged the intracellular space in fat body cells, and decreased cytoplasm and lipid droplets electron density. The solasonine, tested with three concentrations, caused the decrease of cytoplasm electron density in both fat body and midgut cells. Obtained results highlighted the disturbance of the midgut and the fat body due to glycoalkaloids and the potential role of hemolymph ingredients in its detoxification. These findings suggest a possible application of glycoalkaloids as a natural insecticide in the pest control of <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:10:06Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e96b02bb580d4bfb8f1acbf1cd960c23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:10:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e96b02bb580d4bfb8f1acbf1cd960c232023-11-22T15:31:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-09-0113961710.3390/toxins13090617<i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i>Marta Spochacz0Szymon Chowański1Monika Szymczak-Cendlak2Paweł Marciniak3Filomena Lelario4Rosanna Salvia5Marisa Nardiello6Carmen Scieuzo7Laura Scrano8Sabino A. Bufo9Zbigniew Adamski10Patrizia Falabella11Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, ItalyGlycoalkaloids, secondary metabolites abundant in plants belonging to the Solanaceae family, may affect the physiology of insect pests. This paper presents original results dealing with the influence of a crude extract obtained from <i>Solanum nigrum</i> unripe berries and its main constituent, solasonine, on the physiology of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> (Lepidoptera) that can be used as an alternative bioinsecticide. <i>G. mellonella</i> IV instar larvae were treated with <i>S. nigrum</i> extract and solasonine at different concentrations. The effects of extract and solasonine were evaluated analyzing changes in carbohydrate and amino acid composition in hemolymph by RP-HPLC and in the ultrastructure of the fat body cells by TEM. Both extract and solasonine changed the level of hemolymph metabolites and the ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut cells. In particular, the extract increased the erythritol level in the hemolymph compared to control, enlarged the intracellular space in fat body cells, and decreased cytoplasm and lipid droplets electron density. The solasonine, tested with three concentrations, caused the decrease of cytoplasm electron density in both fat body and midgut cells. Obtained results highlighted the disturbance of the midgut and the fat body due to glycoalkaloids and the potential role of hemolymph ingredients in its detoxification. These findings suggest a possible application of glycoalkaloids as a natural insecticide in the pest control of <i>G. mellonella</i> larvae.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/617<i>Galleria mellonella</i>glycoalkaloids<i>Solanum nigrum</i> extractsolasoninehemolymphpolyols |
| spellingShingle | Marta Spochacz Szymon Chowański Monika Szymczak-Cendlak Paweł Marciniak Filomena Lelario Rosanna Salvia Marisa Nardiello Carmen Scieuzo Laura Scrano Sabino A. Bufo Zbigniew Adamski Patrizia Falabella <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> Toxins <i>Galleria mellonella</i> glycoalkaloids <i>Solanum nigrum</i> extract solasonine hemolymph polyols |
| title | <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full | <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_fullStr | <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_short | <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Extract and Solasonine Affected Hemolymph Metabolites and Ultrastructure of the Fat Body and the Midgut in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> |
| title_sort | i solanum nigrum i extract and solasonine affected hemolymph metabolites and ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut in i galleria mellonella i |
| topic | <i>Galleria mellonella</i> glycoalkaloids <i>Solanum nigrum</i> extract solasonine hemolymph polyols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/617 |
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