The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island
Abstract Background In 2017, several new housing districts were constructed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. This case study assessed the impact construction projects had on mosquito larval habitats and the effectiveness of larval source management in reducing malaria vector density within the su...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04362-9 |
| _version_ | 1828185143584489472 |
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| author | Guillermo A. García Godwin Fuseini Olivier Tresor Donfack Rachel N. Wofford Jose Antonio Mba Nlang Prudencio Bibang Efiri Valeriano Oluy Nsue Maye Thomas A. Weppelmann David Galick Wonder Philip Phiri Kylie DeBoer Jordan M. Smith Jeremias Nzamio Mba Eyono Matilde Riloha Rivas Carlos A. Guerra Michael E. von Fricken |
| author_facet | Guillermo A. García Godwin Fuseini Olivier Tresor Donfack Rachel N. Wofford Jose Antonio Mba Nlang Prudencio Bibang Efiri Valeriano Oluy Nsue Maye Thomas A. Weppelmann David Galick Wonder Philip Phiri Kylie DeBoer Jordan M. Smith Jeremias Nzamio Mba Eyono Matilde Riloha Rivas Carlos A. Guerra Michael E. von Fricken |
| author_sort | Guillermo A. García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In 2017, several new housing districts were constructed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. This case study assessed the impact construction projects had on mosquito larval habitats and the effectiveness of larval source management in reducing malaria vector density within the surrounding area. Methods Anopheline larval presence was assessed at 11 new construction sites by the proportion of larval habitats containing Anopheline pupae and late instar larval stages. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicide was applied weekly to nine locations for 30 weeks, while two locations received no larvicide and acted as controls. Adult mosquito density was monitored via human landing collections in adjacent communities of six construction sites, including the two control sites. Results The sites that received Bti had significantly lower observation rates of both pupae (3.2% vs. 18.0%; p < 0.001) and late instar Anopheles spp. mosquitoes (14.1 vs. 43.6%; p < 0.001) compared to the two untreated sites. Anopheles spp. accounted for 67% of mosquitoes collected with human landing collections and were captured at significantly lower levels in communities adjacent to treated construction sites compared to untreated sites (p < 0.001), with an estimated 38% reduction in human biting rate (IRR: 0.62, 95% CI IRR: 0.55, 0.69). Seven months after the start of the study, untreated sites were treated due to ethical concerns given results from treatment sties, necessitating immediate Bti application. The following week, the number of habitats, the proportion of larval sites with Anopheles spp. pupae, late instars, and adult biting rates in adjacent communities to these sites all decreased to comparable levels across all sites. Conclusion Findings suggest larval source management represents an effective intervention to suppress mosquito populations during infrastructure development. Incorporating larval source management into ongoing and planned construction initiatives represents an opportunity to fine tune vector control in response to anthropogenetic changes. Ideally, this should become standard practice in malaria-endemic regions in order to reduce viable mosquito habitats that are common by-products of construction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:59:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e97109ebbb4a4593bb89aa1302ea1154 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:59:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e97109ebbb4a4593bb89aa1302ea11542022-12-22T03:43:03ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-11-012111910.1186/s12936-022-04362-9The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko IslandGuillermo A. García0Godwin Fuseini1Olivier Tresor Donfack2Rachel N. Wofford3Jose Antonio Mba Nlang4Prudencio Bibang Efiri5Valeriano Oluy Nsue Maye6Thomas A. Weppelmann7David Galick8Wonder Philip Phiri9Kylie DeBoer10Jordan M. Smith11Jeremias Nzamio Mba Eyono12Matilde Riloha Rivas13Carlos A. Guerra14Michael E. von Fricken15MCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectDepartment of Global and Community Health, George Mason UniversityMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectDepartment of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectMinistry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea, National Malaria Control ProgrammeMCD Global Health, Bioko Island Malaria Elimination ProjectDepartment of Global and Community Health, George Mason UniversityAbstract Background In 2017, several new housing districts were constructed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. This case study assessed the impact construction projects had on mosquito larval habitats and the effectiveness of larval source management in reducing malaria vector density within the surrounding area. Methods Anopheline larval presence was assessed at 11 new construction sites by the proportion of larval habitats containing Anopheline pupae and late instar larval stages. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicide was applied weekly to nine locations for 30 weeks, while two locations received no larvicide and acted as controls. Adult mosquito density was monitored via human landing collections in adjacent communities of six construction sites, including the two control sites. Results The sites that received Bti had significantly lower observation rates of both pupae (3.2% vs. 18.0%; p < 0.001) and late instar Anopheles spp. mosquitoes (14.1 vs. 43.6%; p < 0.001) compared to the two untreated sites. Anopheles spp. accounted for 67% of mosquitoes collected with human landing collections and were captured at significantly lower levels in communities adjacent to treated construction sites compared to untreated sites (p < 0.001), with an estimated 38% reduction in human biting rate (IRR: 0.62, 95% CI IRR: 0.55, 0.69). Seven months after the start of the study, untreated sites were treated due to ethical concerns given results from treatment sties, necessitating immediate Bti application. The following week, the number of habitats, the proportion of larval sites with Anopheles spp. pupae, late instars, and adult biting rates in adjacent communities to these sites all decreased to comparable levels across all sites. Conclusion Findings suggest larval source management represents an effective intervention to suppress mosquito populations during infrastructure development. Incorporating larval source management into ongoing and planned construction initiatives represents an opportunity to fine tune vector control in response to anthropogenetic changes. Ideally, this should become standard practice in malaria-endemic regions in order to reduce viable mosquito habitats that are common by-products of construction.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04362-9Larval source managementMalariaAnophelesConstructionLarval habitats |
| spellingShingle | Guillermo A. García Godwin Fuseini Olivier Tresor Donfack Rachel N. Wofford Jose Antonio Mba Nlang Prudencio Bibang Efiri Valeriano Oluy Nsue Maye Thomas A. Weppelmann David Galick Wonder Philip Phiri Kylie DeBoer Jordan M. Smith Jeremias Nzamio Mba Eyono Matilde Riloha Rivas Carlos A. Guerra Michael E. von Fricken The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island Malaria Journal Larval source management Malaria Anopheles Construction Larval habitats |
| title | The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island |
| title_full | The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island |
| title_fullStr | The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island |
| title_full_unstemmed | The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island |
| title_short | The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island |
| title_sort | need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas a case study on bioko island |
| topic | Larval source management Malaria Anopheles Construction Larval habitats |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04362-9 |
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