Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Objectives: In the current study, we investigated the correlations between retinal microvascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and clinical parameters for a group of 69 young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: This retrospective,...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/317 |
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| author | Alexandra Oltea Dan Carmen Luminița Mocanu Andrei Teodor Bălășoiu Cornelia Andreea Tănasie Ileana Puiu Anca Elena Târtea Veronica Sfredel |
| author_facet | Alexandra Oltea Dan Carmen Luminița Mocanu Andrei Teodor Bălășoiu Cornelia Andreea Tănasie Ileana Puiu Anca Elena Târtea Veronica Sfredel |
| author_sort | Alexandra Oltea Dan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: In the current study, we investigated the correlations between retinal microvascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and clinical parameters for a group of 69 young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, exploratory study enrolled 69 patients between 5 years old and 30 years old who met the inclusion criteria. All the study participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and OCTA scans for the evaluation of the retinal microcirculation. The retinal OCTA parameters were correlated with the following clinical parameters: the patient’s age at the onset of the disease, the duration of T1DM, the BMI at the time of enrollment in the study, the HbA1C values at onset, the mean values of HbA1C over the period of monitoring the disease and the degree of DKA at onset. Results: For the study group, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter correlated positively with the mean value of HbA1C (Pearson correlation, Sig.2-Tailed Area: 0.044; perimeter: 0.049). The total vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) correlated negatively with the duration of T1DM, based on the superior and inferior analyzed areas (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed SCP in total region: 0.002; SCP in the superior region: 0.024; SCP in the inferior region: 0.050). The foveal thickness also correlated negatively with the levels of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed: 0.034) and the levels of HbA1C at onset (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed: 0.047). Further on, the study patients were distributed into two groups according to the duration of the disease: group 1 included 32 patients with a duration of T1DM of less than 5 years, and group 2 included 37 patients with a duration of T1DM of more than 5 years. Independent <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare the OCTA retinal parameters for the two subgroups. While the FAZ-related parameters did not show significant statistical differences between the two groups, the vessel densities in both the SCP and DCP were significantly lower in group 2. Conclusions: Our data suggest that specific alterations in OCTA imaging biomarkers correlate with various clinical parameters: the FAZ area and perimeter increase with higher mean values of HbA1C, leading to poor metabolic control. Moreover, the SCP total vessel density decreases as the duration of T1DM increases. Regarding the vessel densities in the SCP and the DCP, they decrease with a duration of the disease of more than 5 years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:59:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e97301119e204f22b7ba4ad15cf41c53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:59:08Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e97301119e204f22b7ba4ad15cf41c532024-02-09T15:10:12ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-02-0114331710.3390/diagnostics14030317Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography StudyAlexandra Oltea Dan0Carmen Luminița Mocanu1Andrei Teodor Bălășoiu2Cornelia Andreea Tănasie3Ileana Puiu4Anca Elena Târtea5Veronica Sfredel6Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaObjectives: In the current study, we investigated the correlations between retinal microvascular parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and clinical parameters for a group of 69 young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and Methods: This retrospective, exploratory study enrolled 69 patients between 5 years old and 30 years old who met the inclusion criteria. All the study participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and OCTA scans for the evaluation of the retinal microcirculation. The retinal OCTA parameters were correlated with the following clinical parameters: the patient’s age at the onset of the disease, the duration of T1DM, the BMI at the time of enrollment in the study, the HbA1C values at onset, the mean values of HbA1C over the period of monitoring the disease and the degree of DKA at onset. Results: For the study group, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter correlated positively with the mean value of HbA1C (Pearson correlation, Sig.2-Tailed Area: 0.044; perimeter: 0.049). The total vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) correlated negatively with the duration of T1DM, based on the superior and inferior analyzed areas (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed SCP in total region: 0.002; SCP in the superior region: 0.024; SCP in the inferior region: 0.050). The foveal thickness also correlated negatively with the levels of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed: 0.034) and the levels of HbA1C at onset (Spearman correlation, Sig.2-Tailed: 0.047). Further on, the study patients were distributed into two groups according to the duration of the disease: group 1 included 32 patients with a duration of T1DM of less than 5 years, and group 2 included 37 patients with a duration of T1DM of more than 5 years. Independent <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare the OCTA retinal parameters for the two subgroups. While the FAZ-related parameters did not show significant statistical differences between the two groups, the vessel densities in both the SCP and DCP were significantly lower in group 2. Conclusions: Our data suggest that specific alterations in OCTA imaging biomarkers correlate with various clinical parameters: the FAZ area and perimeter increase with higher mean values of HbA1C, leading to poor metabolic control. Moreover, the SCP total vessel density decreases as the duration of T1DM increases. Regarding the vessel densities in the SCP and the DCP, they decrease with a duration of the disease of more than 5 years.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/317optical coherence tomography angiographynon-invasive retinal imagingbiomarkerstype 1 diabetes mellitusdiabetic retinopathy |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Oltea Dan Carmen Luminița Mocanu Andrei Teodor Bălășoiu Cornelia Andreea Tănasie Ileana Puiu Anca Elena Târtea Veronica Sfredel Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study Diagnostics optical coherence tomography angiography non-invasive retinal imaging biomarkers type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetic retinopathy |
| title | Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study |
| title_full | Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study |
| title_fullStr | Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study |
| title_short | Correlations between Retinal Microvascular Parameters and Clinical Parameters in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study |
| title_sort | correlations between retinal microvascular parameters and clinical parameters in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus an optical coherence tomography angiography study |
| topic | optical coherence tomography angiography non-invasive retinal imaging biomarkers type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetic retinopathy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/317 |
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